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| The article deals with '''anal intraepithelial lesions''', abbreviated '''AILs'''. They are now classified as either low grade or high grade, as in the uterine cervix.
| | #redirect [[Anal intraepithelial neoplasia]] |
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| '''Anal intraepithelial neoplasia''', abbreviated '''AIN''', is an older term that is still used.<ref name=pmid26274593>{{Cite journal | last1 = Dietrich | first1 = A. | last2 = Hermans | first2 = C. | last3 = Heppt | first3 = MV. | last4 = Ruzicka | first4 = T. | last5 = Schauber | first5 = J. | last6 = Reinholz | first6 = M. | title = Human papillomavirus status, anal cytology and histopathological outcome in HIV-positive patients. | journal = J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol | volume = 29 | issue = 10 | pages = 2011-8 | month = Oct | year = 2015 | doi = 10.1111/jdv.13205 | PMID = 26274593 }}</ref>
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| Regardless of the name, they are considered to be the precursor of [[anal squamous cell carcinoma]].
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| ==General==
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| *Precursor lesion of [[anal squamous cell carcinoma]].
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| *Usually [[HPV]] associated.
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| **May be prevented by HPV vaccine.
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| **Strong association with [[HIV]] infection.<ref name=pmid26274593/>
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| ==Microscopic==
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| DDx:
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| *[[Anal squamous cell carcinoma]].
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| ===Grading===
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| AIN is graded much like [[cervix|cervical intraepithelial neoplasia]]:<ref name=pmid25938361>{{Cite journal | last1 = Roberts | first1 = JM. | last2 = Jin | first2 = F. | last3 = Thurloe | first3 = JK. | last4 = Biro | first4 = C. | last5 = Poynten | first5 = IM. | last6 = Tabrizi | first6 = SN. | last7 = Fairley | first7 = CK. | last8 = Templeton | first8 = DJ. | last9 = Carr | first9 = AD. | title = High reproducibility of histological diagnosis of human papillomavirus-related intraepithelial lesions of the anal canal. | journal = Pathology | volume = 47 | issue = 4 | pages = 308-13 | month = Jun | year = 2015 | doi = 10.1097/PAT.0000000000000246 | PMID = 25938361 }}</ref><ref name=pmid26688291>{{Cite journal | last1 = Burgos | first1 = J. | last2 = Curran | first2 = A. | last3 = Landolfi | first3 = S. | last4 = Navarro | first4 = J. | last5 = Tallada | first5 = N. | last6 = Guelar | first6 = A. | last7 = Crespo | first7 = M. | last8 = Ocaña | first8 = I. | last9 = Ribera | first9 = E. | title = The effectiveness of electrocautery ablation for the treatment of high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-infected men who have sex with men. | journal = HIV Med | volume = | issue = | pages = | month = Dec | year = 2015 | doi = 10.1111/hiv.12352 | PMID = 26688291 }}</ref>
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| *High-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HGAIN).
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| *Low-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (LGAIN).
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| ==Sign out==
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| <pre>
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| Anus (Submitted as "Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia"), Biopsy:
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| - HIGH GRADE SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHIAL LESION (HSIL) of the anus.
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| - Benign colorectal type mucosa.
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| Comment:
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| The HSIL is in keeping with AIN 3.
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| </pre>
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| ===Block letters===
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| <pre>
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| ANAL CANAL, RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT, BIOPSY:
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| - LOW-GRADE SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESION (CONDYLOMA ACUMINATUM-LIKE).
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| </pre>
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| <pre>
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| ANAL CANAL, LEFT UPPER QUADRANT, BIOPSY:
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| - LOW-GRADE SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL LESION.
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| - RECTAL MUCOSA WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS.
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| </pre>
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| <pre>
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| SKIN LESION, PERIANAL, BIOPSY:
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| - ANAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA 3 (SEVERE DYSPLASIA), WARTY-TYPE.
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| - MARGIN POSITIVE FOR ANAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA 3.
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| </pre>
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| ===Micro===
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| There is dysplastic squamous epithelium with coarse chromatin, nuclear hyperchromasia,
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| nuclear enlargement, irregular nuclear membranes, and an increase nuclear-to-cytoplasmic
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| ratio. Mitotic activity is abundant. Several atypical mitoses are identified.
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| The dysplastic squamous epithelium shows minimal maturation toward the surface (AIN 3). A
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| sizable portion of the lesion show some maturation to the surface (AIN 2).
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| Inflammation at the dermal-epidermal interface is minimal and the dermal-epidermal
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| interface is well-demarcated. Focal ulceration is present.
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| The margin of the biopsy has severely dysplastic epithelium (AIN 3).
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| ==See also==
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| *[[Anus]].
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| *[[LSIL]].
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| *[[HSIL]].
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|1}}
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| [[Category:Diagnosis]]
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| [[Category:Anus]].
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