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'''Osteochondroma''' is a common benign [[chondro-osseous tumour]].<ref name=pmid26226780>{{Cite journal | last1 = Rogozhin | first1 = DV. | last2 = Bulycheva | first2 = IV. | last3 = Kushlinsky | first3 = NE. | last4 = Konovalov | first4 = DM. | last5 = Talalaev | first5 = AG. | last6 = Roshchin | first6 = VY. | last7 = Ektova | first7 = AP. | last8 = Kushnir | first8 = BL. | last9 = Kuzin | first9 = AS. | title = [Osteochondroma in children and adolescents]. | journal = Arkh Patol | volume = 77 | issue = 3 | pages = 37-40 | month = | year = | doi = | PMID = 26226780 }}</ref> | |||
==General== | |||
*Benign. | |||
*Very common. | |||
*Abnormal outgrowth of bone and cartilage - associated with growth plate. | |||
*Usually present before age 20.<ref name=pmid12873205>{{Cite journal | last1 = Parkin | first1 = B. | last2 = Bennett | first2 = JC. | last3 = Zaher | first3 = A. | title = Pathologic quiz case: an iliac mass in a 25-year-old woman. Osteochondroma. | journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med | volume = 127 | issue = 8 | pages = e355-6 | month = Aug | year = 2003 | doi = 10.1043/1543-2165(2003)127e355:PQCAIM2.0.CO;2 | PMID = 12873205 | URL = http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/full/10.1043/1543-2165%282003%29127%3Ce355:PQCAIM%3E2.0.CO;2}}</ref> | |||
==Gross== | |||
Features: | |||
*Metasphyseal lesions.<ref name=medpath>URL: [http://www.medpath.info/MainContent/Skeletal/Bone_07.html http://www.medpath.info/MainContent/Skeletal/Bone_07.html]. Accessed on: 18 September 2012.</ref> | |||
**Often distal femur, proximal humerus or proximal tibia.<ref name=pmid12873205/> | |||
**Occasionally iliac mass.<ref name=pmid22217414>{{Cite journal | last1 = Kokavec | first1 = M. | last2 = Gajdoš | first2 = M. | last3 = Džupa | first3 = V. | title = [Osteochondroma of the iliac crest: case report]. | journal = Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech | volume = 78 | issue = 6 | pages = 583-5 | month = | year = 2011 | doi = | PMID = 22217414 }} | |||
</ref> | |||
*Mushroom-like shape - with broad or narrow base. | |||
Note: | |||
*Very unusual in craniofacial bones.<ref name=pmid12873205/> | |||
==Microscopic== | |||
Features:<ref name=pmid12873205/> | |||
*Bone - forms base of "mushroom". | |||
*Cartilage - layer usu. thinner in older individuals. | |||
**Lobular arrangement<ref name=upmc_case341>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case341/dx.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case341/dx.html]. Accessed on: 19 September 2012.</ref> - clusters of 3-12 lacunae (separated by stroma). | |||
**May have mild atypia. | |||
**Nuclear enlargement - up to 5x normal. | |||
*[[Perichondrium]] - covers the cartilage. | |||
**Thin layer of cells - higher cellular density than cartilage. | |||
***Bland spindle cells in a fibrous (eosinophilic) stroma. | |||
Notes: | |||
*Benign cartilage - one chondrocyte per lacuna, small and round nucleus, no binucleation. | |||
DDx: | |||
*[[Chondrosarcoma]] - esp. in older individuals. | |||
===Images=== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image:Bone Osteochondroma LP CTR.jpg|Bone - Osteochondroma - low power (SKB) | |||
Image:Bone Osteochondroma LP CTR (2).jpg|Bone - Osteochondroma - low power (SKB) | |||
Image:Bone Osteochondroma HP CTR.jpg|Bone - Osteochondroma - high power (SKB) | |||
Image:Bone Osteochondroma LP PA.JPG|Bone - Osteochondroma - low power (SKB) | |||
Image:Bone Osteochondroma MP PA.JPG|Bone - Osteochondroma - medium power (SKB) | |||
Image:Bone Osteochondroma MP2 PA.JPG|Bone - Osteochondroma - medium power (SKB) | |||
</gallery> | |||
www: | |||
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case341.html Super rare intracranial mesenchymal osteochondroma - several images (upmc.edu)].<ref name=upmc_case341/> | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[Chondro-osseous tumours]]. | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Diagnosis]] | [[Category:Diagnosis]] | ||
[[Category:Chondro-osseous tumours]] | |||