Difference between revisions of "Radical prostatectomy"

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**The prostate should be weighted after trimming the seminal vesicles.
**The prostate should be weighted after trimming the seminal vesicles.
**The apex of the prostate and the bladder neck should be sliced-off, sagittally sectioned, and submitted separately on edge (to assess the margin).
**The apex of the prostate and the bladder neck should be sliced-off, sagittally sectioned, and submitted separately on edge (to assess the margin).
*Lymph nodes and seminal vesicles (SV):<ref name=pmid20818343>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Berney | first1 = DM. | last2 = Wheeler | first2 = TM. | last3 = Grignon | first3 = DJ. | last4 = Epstein | first4 = JI. | last5 = Griffiths | first5 = DF. | last6 = Humphrey | first6 = PA. | last7 = van der Kwast | first7 = T. | last8 = Montironi | first8 = R. | last9 = Delahunt | first9 = B. | title = International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Handling and Staging of Radical Prostatectomy Specimens. Working group 4: seminal vesicles and lymph nodes. | journal = Mod Pathol | volume = 24 | issue = 1 | pages = 39-47 | month = Jan | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1038/modpathol.2010.160 | PMID = 20818343 }}</ref>
*Lymph nodes:<ref name=pmid20818343>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Berney | first1 = DM. | last2 = Wheeler | first2 = TM. | last3 = Grignon | first3 = DJ. | last4 = Epstein | first4 = JI. | last5 = Griffiths | first5 = DF. | last6 = Humphrey | first6 = PA. | last7 = van der Kwast | first7 = T. | last8 = Montironi | first8 = R. | last9 = Delahunt | first9 = B. | title = International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Handling and Staging of Radical Prostatectomy Specimens. Working group 4: seminal vesicles and lymph nodes. | journal = Mod Pathol | volume = 24 | issue = 1 | pages = 39-47 | month = Jan | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1038/modpathol.2010.160 | PMID = 20818343 }}</ref>
**All lymph nodes should be submitted.
**All lymph nodes should be submitted.
***Metastases are found in over 5% of tissue not grossly recognized as a lymph node;<ref name=pmid3773097>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Epstein | first1 = JI. | last2 = Oesterling | first2 = JE. | last3 = Eggleston | first3 = JC. | last4 = Walsh | first4 = PC. | title = Frozen section detection of lymph node metastases in prostatic carcinoma: accuracy in grossly uninvolved pelvic lymphadenectomy specimens. | journal = J Urol | volume = 136 | issue = 6 | pages = 1234-7 | month = Dec | year = 1986 | doi =  | PMID = 3773097 }}</ref> thus, it makes sense to submit all tissue.<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Sung | first1 = MT. | last2 = davidson | first2 = DD. | last3 = Montironi | first3 = R. | last4 = Lopez-Beltran | first4 = A. | last5 = Cheng | first4 = L. | title = Radical prostatectomy specimen processing: a critical appraisal of sampling methods. | journal = Current Diagnostic Pathology | volume = 13 | issue =  | pages = 490-498 | month = | year = 2007 | doi =  | PMID = | URL = http://www.journals.elsevierhealth.com/periodicals/ycdip/article/S0968-6053(07)00074-9/abstract }} </ref>
***Metastases are found in over 5% of tissue not grossly recognized as a lymph node;<ref name=pmid3773097>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Epstein | first1 = JI. | last2 = Oesterling | first2 = JE. | last3 = Eggleston | first3 = JC. | last4 = Walsh | first4 = PC. | title = Frozen section detection of lymph node metastases in prostatic carcinoma: accuracy in grossly uninvolved pelvic lymphadenectomy specimens. | journal = J Urol | volume = 136 | issue = 6 | pages = 1234-7 | month = Dec | year = 1986 | doi =  | PMID = 3773097 }}</ref> thus, it makes sense to submit all tissue.<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Sung | first1 = MT. | last2 = davidson | first2 = DD. | last3 = Montironi | first3 = R. | last4 = Lopez-Beltran | first4 = A. | last5 = Cheng | first4 = L. | title = Radical prostatectomy specimen processing: a critical appraisal of sampling methods. | journal = Current Diagnostic Pathology | volume = 13 | issue =  | pages = 490-498 | month = | year = 2007 | doi =  | PMID = | URL = http://www.journals.elsevierhealth.com/periodicals/ycdip/article/S0968-6053(07)00074-9/abstract }} </ref>
**The base of the SV/prostate junction must be submitted.
*Seminal vesicles (SV):<ref name=pmid20818343/>
**The base of the SV (adjacent to SV-prostate junction) must be submitted.
***Only ''extraprostatic seminal vesicle involvement'' is considered ''seminal vesicle invasion''.
***SV does ''not'' have to be [[submitted in total]].
***SV does ''not'' have to be [[submitted in total]].


Revision as of 14:57, 28 October 2015

This article deals with how to cut-up a radical prostatectomy, abbreviated RP.

Introduction

Radical prostatectomies are done for prostate cancer.

Protocol

Specimen:

  • Weight of specimen: ___ grams.
  • Prostate dimensions (superior-inferior, left-to-right, anterior-posterior): ___ x ___ x ___ cm.
  • Seminal vesicles:
    • Left (superior-inferior (long axis), left-to-right, anterior-posterior): ___ cm.
    • Right (superior-inferior (long axis), left-to-right, anterior-posterior): ___ cm.
  • Inking scheme: green - anterior prostate, blue - right prostate, black - left prostate.

Submitted in total:

  • All lymph nodes and the adherent adipose tissue.
  • Urethral margin left.
  • Urethral margin right.
  • Bladder neck margin left.
  • Bladder neck margin right.
  • Left prostate anterior to posterior.
  • Left seminal vesicle base to tip.
  • Right prostate anterior to posterior.
  • Right seminal vesicle base to tip.

Protocol notes

Procedural

  1. Amputate seminal vesicles (SV) after inking.
    • Sections of the SV base (from the amputated SV) should be cut perpendicular the (long) axis of the gland.
  2. Bladder neck margin is submitted on edge.
    • A slice is cut-off the prostate at the site of the bladder neck margin. This slice is then divided into left and right with a sagittal cut. Each portion (left and right) is sectioned with parasagittal cuts such that it is submitted as an on edge margin.
  3. Urethral margin is submitted on edge.
    • A slice is cut-off the prostate at the site of the urethral margin. This slice is then divided into left and right with a sagittal cut. Each portion (left and right) is sectioned with parasagittal cuts such that it is submitted as an on edge margin.

Literature

There are several consensus papers on grossing prostatectomies by the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP).

  • Prostate gland:[1]
    • Embedding in toto is not required.
      • A study by Epstein suggests it is reasonable to submit all of the posterior aspect and selected sections from the mid portion.[2]
    • The prostate should be painted -- to mark the margins.
    • Sectioning should be done after fixation.
    • The prostate should be weighted after trimming the seminal vesicles.
    • The apex of the prostate and the bladder neck should be sliced-off, sagittally sectioned, and submitted separately on edge (to assess the margin).
  • Lymph nodes:[3]
    • All lymph nodes should be submitted.
      • Metastases are found in over 5% of tissue not grossly recognized as a lymph node;[4] thus, it makes sense to submit all tissue.[5]
  • Seminal vesicles (SV):[3]
    • The base of the SV (adjacent to SV-prostate junction) must be submitted.
      • Only extraprostatic seminal vesicle involvement is considered seminal vesicle invasion.
      • SV does not have to be submitted in total.

Alternate approaches

See also

Related protocols

References

  1. ↑ Samaratunga, H.; Montironi, R.; True, L.; Epstein, JI.; Griffiths, DF.; Humphrey, PA.; van der Kwast, T.; Wheeler, TM. et al. (Jan 2011). "International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Handling and Staging of Radical Prostatectomy Specimens. Working group 1: specimen handling.". Mod Pathol 24 (1): 6-15. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2010.178. PMID 20834234.
  2. ↑ Sehdev, AE.; Pan, CC.; Epstein, JI. (May 2001). "Comparative analysis of sampling methods for grossing radical prostatectomy specimens performed for nonpalpable (stage T1c) prostatic adenocarcinoma.". Hum Pathol 32 (5): 494-9. doi:10.1053/hupa.2001.24322. PMID 11381367.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Berney, DM.; Wheeler, TM.; Grignon, DJ.; Epstein, JI.; Griffiths, DF.; Humphrey, PA.; van der Kwast, T.; Montironi, R. et al. (Jan 2011). "International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Handling and Staging of Radical Prostatectomy Specimens. Working group 4: seminal vesicles and lymph nodes.". Mod Pathol 24 (1): 39-47. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2010.160. PMID 20818343.
  4. ↑ Epstein, JI.; Oesterling, JE.; Eggleston, JC.; Walsh, PC. (Dec 1986). "Frozen section detection of lymph node metastases in prostatic carcinoma: accuracy in grossly uninvolved pelvic lymphadenectomy specimens.". J Urol 136 (6): 1234-7. PMID 3773097.
  5. ↑ Sung, MT.; davidson, DD.; Montironi, R.; Lopez-Beltran, L.; Cheng (2007). "Radical prostatectomy specimen processing: a critical appraisal of sampling methods.". Current Diagnostic Pathology 13: 490-498.
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