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Difference between revisions of "Gastrointestinal cytopathology"
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Gastrointestinal cytopathology (view source)
Revision as of 21:57, 19 August 2015
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*Nuclear membrane irregularities. | *Nuclear membrane irregularities. | ||
Images | ===Images=== | ||
<gallery> | |||
*[http:// | Image:Colorectal_adenocarcinoma_cytology_low_mag.jpg | Colorectal adenocarcinoma - low mag. (WC) | ||
Image:Colorectal_adenocarcinoma_cytology_intermed_mag.jpg | Colorectal adenocarcinoma - intermediate mag. (WC) | |||
</gallery> | |||
====www==== | |||
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3418535/figure/f16/ Colonic carcinoma (nlm.nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid22943018>{{Cite journal | last1 = Conrad | first1 = R. | last2 = Cobb | first2 = C. | last3 = Raza | first3 = A. | title = Role of cytopathology in the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal tract cancers. | journal = J Gastrointest Oncol | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | pages = 285-98 | month = Sep | year = 2012 | doi = 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2012.023 | PMID = 22943018 }}</ref> | |||
=Stomach= | =Stomach= | ||
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=Small bowel= | =Small bowel= | ||
Epithelium:<ref name=Ref_APBR680>{{Ref APBR|680 (Q23)}}</ref> | Epithelium:<ref name=Ref_APBR680>{{Ref APBR|680 (Q23)}}</ref> | ||
* | *Orderly flat sheets of smaller (blue) cells without atypia.<ref name=pmid22943018/> | ||
**"Orderly" = nuclei do not overlapped. | |||
*Goblet cells - '''key feature'''. | *Goblet cells - '''key feature'''. | ||
Notes: | Notes: | ||
*May appear to be similar to stomach and pancreatic duct.<ref name=Ref_APBR680>{{Ref APBR|680 (Q23)}}</ref> | *May appear to be similar to stomach and pancreatic duct.<ref name=Ref_APBR680>{{Ref APBR|680 (Q23)}}</ref> | ||
===Images=== | |||
====www==== | |||
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3418535/figure/f15/ Normal duodenal mucosa and duodenal adenocarcinoma (nlm.nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid22943018>{{Cite journal | last1 = Conrad | first1 = R. | last2 = Cobb | first2 = C. | last3 = Raza | first3 = A. | title = Role of cytopathology in the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal tract cancers. | journal = J Gastrointest Oncol | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | pages = 285-98 | month = Sep | year = 2012 | doi = 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2012.023 | PMID = 22943018 }}</ref> | |||
=Esophagus= | =Esophagus= | ||
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*Symptomatic, e.g. abdominal pain. | *Symptomatic, e.g. abdominal pain. | ||
**Asymptomatic pseudocysts are typically observed, as a large number resolve spontaneously.<ref name=pmid20142757>{{Cite journal | last1 = Gumaste | first1 = VV. | last2 = Aron | first2 = J. | title = Pseudocyst management: endoscopic drainage and other emerging techniques. | journal = J Clin Gastroenterol | volume = 44 | issue = 5 | pages = 326-31 | month = | year = | doi = 10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181cd9d2f | PMID = 20142757 }}</ref> | **Asymptomatic pseudocysts are typically observed, as a large number resolve spontaneously.<ref name=pmid20142757>{{Cite journal | last1 = Gumaste | first1 = VV. | last2 = Aron | first2 = J. | title = Pseudocyst management: endoscopic drainage and other emerging techniques. | journal = J Clin Gastroenterol | volume = 44 | issue = 5 | pages = 326-31 | month = | year = | doi = 10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181cd9d2f | PMID = 20142757 }}</ref> | ||
*Classically associated with [[pancreatitis]] secondary to alcohol.<ref name=pmid14730118>{{Cite journal | last1 = Andrén-Sandberg | first1 = A. | last2 = Dervenis | first2 = C. | title = Pancreatic pseudocysts in the 21st century. Part I: classification, pathophysiology, anatomic considerations and treatment. | journal = JOP | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 8-24 | month = Jan | year = 2004 | doi = | PMID = 14730118 |URL = http://www.joplink.net/prev/200401/08.html }}</ref> | *Classically associated with [[pancreatitis]] secondary to [[alcohol]].<ref name=pmid14730118>{{Cite journal | last1 = Andrén-Sandberg | first1 = A. | last2 = Dervenis | first2 = C. | title = Pancreatic pseudocysts in the 21st century. Part I: classification, pathophysiology, anatomic considerations and treatment. | journal = JOP | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 8-24 | month = Jan | year = 2004 | doi = | PMID = 14730118 |URL = http://www.joplink.net/prev/200401/08.html }}</ref> | ||
*Pathologic diagnosis of exclusion. | *Pathologic diagnosis of exclusion. | ||
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==Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour== | ==Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour== | ||
{{Main|Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour}} | {{Main|Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour}} | ||
*Previously known as ''islet cell tumour of the pancreas''. | |||
===General=== | |||
*Classically solid. | |||
**May be cystic. | |||
===Cytology=== | ===Cytology=== | ||
Features: | Features: | ||
*Round nuclei with | *Round nuclei with salt and pepper chromatin. | ||
**Moderate nuclear size variation. | **Moderate nuclear size variation. | ||
*Classically single cells with [[plasma cell|plasmacytoid]] morphology. | *Classically single cells with [[plasma cell|plasmacytoid]] morphology. | ||
| Line 244: | Line 258: | ||
==Pancreatic adenocarcinoma== | ==Pancreatic adenocarcinoma== | ||
{{Main|Invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas}} | |||
*[[AKA]] ''ductal carcinoma''. | *[[AKA]] ''ductal carcinoma''. | ||
===Cytology=== | ===Cytology=== | ||
Features: | Features: | ||
*Nuclear atypia. | *Single cells. | ||
**Should be present. | |||
*Monolayer of irregularly spaced cells - described as "drunken honeycomb". | |||
*Nuclear atypia +/-grooves, +/-chromatin clearing. | |||
**Significant atypia: >=4:1 ratio between the nuclear diameter of cells. | |||
Image: | Image: | ||
*[http://www.flickr.com/photos/euthman/322383640/ Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (flickr.com/euthman)]. | *[http://www.flickr.com/photos/euthman/322383640/ Pancreatic adenocarcinoma - marked nuclear atypia - low mag. (flickr.com/euthman)]. | ||
*[http://www.flickr.com/photos/euthman/322383635/ Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (flickr.com/euthman)]. | *[http://www.flickr.com/photos/euthman/322383635/ Pancreatic adenocarcinoma - marked nuclear atypia - high mag. (flickr.com/euthman)]. | ||
*[http://www.flickr.com/photos/euthman/5558060009/ Pancreatic adenocarcinoma - drunken honeycomb - low mag. (flickr.com/euthman)]. | |||
*[http://www.flickr.com/photos/euthman/5558642608/ Pancreatic adenocarcinoma - drunken honeycomb - high mag. (flickr.com/euthman)]. | |||
==Acinar cell carcinoma== | |||
{{Main|Acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas}} | |||
===General=== | |||
*Very rare. | |||
===Cytology=== | |||
Features: | |||
*High cellularity - '''important feature'''. | |||
*Lack of ducts. | |||
*Single cells and small cell clusters with abundant granular (metachromatic) cytoplasm - similar to normal pancreatic acini. | |||
*Naked nuclei. | |||
Note: | |||
*Considered to be a difficult diagnosis. | |||
=See also= | =See also= | ||
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=References= | =References= | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
=External links= | |||
*[http://www.thejgo.org/article/view/438/html Cytopathology of the GI tract (thejgo.org)]. | |||
[[Category:Cytopathology]] | [[Category:Cytopathology]] | ||