Difference between revisions of "Two vessel umbilical cord"

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#redirect [[Placenta#Two_vessel_umbilical_cord]]
'''Two vessel umbilical cord''', also '''two vessel cord''' and '''single umbilical artery''', is an abnormality seen in [[placenta|placental pathology]].


==General==
Associations:
*Associated with congenital abnormalities, esp. cardiac - '''key point'''.<ref name=Ref_WMSP464>{{Ref WMSP|464}}</ref>
**Thought to be an acquired defect (as prevalence is lower early in gestation).
*May be seen in association of other cord abnormalities (e.g. marginal insertion, velamentous insertion).
*In apparently well (liveborn) infants it is associated with (occult) renal abnormalities, specifically vesico-ureteric reflux; there is no evidence for other abnormalities.<ref name=pmid15613529>{{cite journal |author=Srinivasan R, Arora RS |title=Do well infants born with an isolated single umbilical artery need investigation? |journal=Arch. Dis. Child. |volume=90 |issue=1 |pages=100–1 |year=2005 |month=January |pmid=15613529 |pmc=1720078 |doi=10.1136/adc.2004.062372 |url=}}</ref>
*Associated with maternal [[diabetes]].<ref name=pmid7997408>{{cite journal |author=Lilja M |title=Infants with single umbilical artery studied in a national registry. 3: A case control study of risk factors |journal=Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=325–33 |year=1994 |month=July |pmid=7997408 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
==Gross==
*Two vessels in the umbilical cord.
==Microscopic==
Features:
*Two vessels in the umbilical cord - one artery and one vein.
===Image===
<gallery>
Image:Single_umbilical_artery,_HE..jpg | Single umbilical artery. (WC/Patho)
</gallery>
www:
*[http://www.glowm.com/resources/glowm/graphics/figures/v2/1070/05b.jpg SUA (glown.com)].<ref>URL: [http://www.glowm.com/?p=glowm.cml/section_view&articleid=151 http://www.glowm.com/?p=glowm.cml/section_view&articleid=151]. Accessed on: 8 January 2011.</ref>
==Sign out==
<pre>
PLACENTA, UMBILICAL CORD AND FETAL MEMBRANES, CAESAREAN SECTION:
- TWO VESSEL UMBILICAL CORD, NEGATIVE FOR INFLAMMATION.
- FETAL MEMBRANES WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS.
- PLACENTAL DISC WITH THIRD TRIMESTER VILLI WITHOUT APPARENT PATHOLOGY.
</pre>
===With meconium===
<pre>
PLACENTA, UMBILICAL CORD AND FETAL MEMBRANES, CAESAREAN SECTION:
- TWO VESSEL UMBILICAL CORD, NEGATIVE FOR INFLAMMATION.
- FETAL MEMBRANES WITH FOCAL PIGMENTED CELLS CONSISTENT WITH MECONIUM,
  NEGATIVE FOR APPARENT CHORIOAMNIONITIS.
- PLACENTAL DISC WITH THIRD TRIMESTER VILLI WITHOUT APPARENT PATHOLOGY.
</pre>
==See also==
*[[Placenta]].
==References==
{{Reflist|1}}
[[Category:Placenta]]
[[Category:Diagnosis]]
[[Category:Diagnosis]]

Latest revision as of 05:46, 10 May 2015

Two vessel umbilical cord, also two vessel cord and single umbilical artery, is an abnormality seen in placental pathology.

General

Associations:

  • Associated with congenital abnormalities, esp. cardiac - key point.[1]
    • Thought to be an acquired defect (as prevalence is lower early in gestation).
  • May be seen in association of other cord abnormalities (e.g. marginal insertion, velamentous insertion).
  • In apparently well (liveborn) infants it is associated with (occult) renal abnormalities, specifically vesico-ureteric reflux; there is no evidence for other abnormalities.[2]
  • Associated with maternal diabetes.[3]

Gross

  • Two vessels in the umbilical cord.

Microscopic

Features:

  • Two vessels in the umbilical cord - one artery and one vein.

Image

www:

Sign out

PLACENTA, UMBILICAL CORD AND FETAL MEMBRANES, CAESAREAN SECTION:
- TWO VESSEL UMBILICAL CORD, NEGATIVE FOR INFLAMMATION.
- FETAL MEMBRANES WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS.
- PLACENTAL DISC WITH THIRD TRIMESTER VILLI WITHOUT APPARENT PATHOLOGY.

With meconium

PLACENTA, UMBILICAL CORD AND FETAL MEMBRANES, CAESAREAN SECTION:
- TWO VESSEL UMBILICAL CORD, NEGATIVE FOR INFLAMMATION.
- FETAL MEMBRANES WITH FOCAL PIGMENTED CELLS CONSISTENT WITH MECONIUM,
  NEGATIVE FOR APPARENT CHORIOAMNIONITIS.
- PLACENTAL DISC WITH THIRD TRIMESTER VILLI WITHOUT APPARENT PATHOLOGY.

See also

References

  1. Humphrey, Peter A; Dehner, Louis P; Pfeifer, John D (2008). The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology (1st ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 464. ISBN 978-0781765275.
  2. Srinivasan R, Arora RS (January 2005). "Do well infants born with an isolated single umbilical artery need investigation?". Arch. Dis. Child. 90 (1): 100–1. doi:10.1136/adc.2004.062372. PMC 1720078. PMID 15613529. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1720078/.
  3. Lilja M (July 1994). "Infants with single umbilical artery studied in a national registry. 3: A case control study of risk factors". Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 8 (3): 325–33. PMID 7997408.
  4. URL: http://www.glowm.com/?p=glowm.cml/section_view&articleid=151. Accessed on: 8 January 2011.