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Difference between revisions of "Ureter"
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→Pathology of the ureter - overview
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The '''ureter''' is the tubule that takes the urine from the [[kidney]] to the [[urinary bladder]]. It is uncommonly afflicted by pathology that the pathologist sees on a day-to-day basis. | The '''ureter''' is the tubule that takes the urine from the [[kidney]] to the [[urinary bladder]]. It is uncommonly afflicted by pathology that the pathologist sees on a day-to-day basis. | ||
=Normal ureter= | |||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features:<ref>URL: [http://www.histology.leeds.ac.uk/urinary/ureter.php http://www.histology.leeds.ac.uk/urinary/ureter.php]. Accessed: 31 October 2013.</ref> | |||
*Mucosa - epithelium and fibrous tissue. | |||
*Muscularis: | |||
**Upper 2/3: inner longitudinal, outer circular. | |||
**Lower 1/3: inner longitudinal, middle circular, outer longitudinal. | |||
Note: | |||
*There is no submucosa! | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image:Gray1134.png| Ureter - cross-section. (WC) | |||
</gallery> | |||
=Pathology of the ureter - overview= | =Pathology of the ureter - overview= | ||
*[[Kidney stones]]. | *[[Kidney stones]]. | ||
*[[Ureteritis cystica]]. | *[[Ureteritis cystica]]. | ||
*Urothelial neoplasias | *[[Urothelial carcinoma in situ]] - strong association with CIS in the urinary bladder.<ref name=pmid25374918>{{Cite journal | last1 = Zhou | first1 = H. | last2 = Ro | first2 = JY. | last3 = Truong | first3 = LD. | last4 = Ayala | first4 = AG. | last5 = Shen | first5 = SS. | title = Intraoperative frozen section evaluation of ureteral and urethral margins: studies of 203 consecutive radical cystoprostatectomy for men with bladder urothelial carcinoma. | journal = Am J Clin Exp Urol | volume = 2 | issue = 2 | pages = 156-60 | month = | year = 2014 | doi = | PMID = 25374918 }}</ref> | ||
*Other urothelial neoplasias - esp. in [[Lynch syndrome]]<ref name=pmid21419447>{{Cite journal | last1 = Crockett | first1 = DG. | last2 = Wagner | first2 = DG. | last3 = Holmäng | first3 = S. | last4 = Johansson | first4 = SL. | last5 = Lynch | first5 = HT. | title = Upper urinary tract carcinoma in Lynch syndrome cases. | journal = J Urol | volume = 185 | issue = 5 | pages = 1627-30 | month = May | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1016/j.juro.2010.12.102 | PMID = 21419447 }}</ref> - see [[urothelium]]. | |||
*[[Malakoplakia]]. | *[[Malakoplakia]]. | ||
*Others. | *Others. | ||
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Image: | Image: | ||
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3177432/figure/F2/ Ureteritis cystica (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid21966620/> | *[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3177432/figure/F2/ Ureteritis cystica (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid21966620/> | ||
==Urothelial carcinoma== | |||
===General=== | |||
*Should prompt consideration of [[Lynch syndrome]]. | |||
===Microscopic=== | |||
See: | |||
*[[High-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Urothelial carcinoma]]. | |||
===Sign out=== | |||
<pre> | |||
DISTAL LEFT URETER (TIE ON PROXIMAL END), EXCISION: | |||
- HIGH-GRADE PAPILLARY UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA, NON-INVASIVE. | |||
-- PLEASE SEE TUMOUR SUMMARY AND COMMENT. | |||
</pre> | |||
=See also= | =See also= | ||
*[[Genitourinary pathology]]. | *[[Genitourinary pathology]]. | ||
*[[Urothelium]]. | *[[Urothelium]]. | ||
=References= | =References= | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Genitourinary pathology]] | [[Category:Genitourinary pathology]] | ||