Difference between revisions of "Cerebrovascular accident"
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# | '''Cerebrovascular accident''', abbreviated '''CVA''', is a common [[neuropathology|neurologic pathology]]. It is also known as a '''stroke'''. | ||
==General== | |||
*Very common. | |||
*Leading cause of morbidity and mortality. | |||
Etiologies:<ref name=pmid20666847>{{Cite journal | last1 = Love | first1 = S. | title = Autopsy approach to stroke. | journal = Histopathology | volume = 58 | issue = 3 | pages = 333-51 | month = Feb | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03614.x | PMID = 20666847 }}</ref> | |||
*[[Atherosclerosis]] of the cerebral vessels or internal carotid artery. | |||
*Embolism. | |||
*Hemorrhage (ruptured [[berry aneurysm]], [[cerebral amyloid angiopathy]]). | |||
*Tumour. | |||
*Others. | |||
Clinical classification: | |||
# Hemorrhagic stroke. | |||
# Ischemic stroke. | |||
==Gross== | |||
*Soft/mushy brain. | |||
*Older [[infarct]]s. | |||
**A "roof" is present - a thin submeningeal layer is preserved by the CSF.<ref>MUN. 16 December 2009.</ref> | |||
***"Roof" is absent in trauma. | |||
**Cavity - in older infarcts. | |||
***''[[Multiple sclerosis]]'' does not cavitate. | |||
*Laminar necrosis = (thin) chalky line replaces grey mater.<ref>URL: [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/neurotest/Q03-Ans.htm http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/neurotest/Q03-Ans.htm]. Accessed on: 26 October 2010.</ref> | |||
**[[AKA]] ''pseudolaminar necrosis'' - as it is not localized to a specific layer of the cortex.<ref>MUN. 26 November 2010.</ref> | |||
DDx: | |||
*[[Cerebral contusion]]. | |||
===Images=== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image:MCA-Stroke-Brain-Human-1.JPG| Changes of CVA - right of image. (WC/Marvin 101) | |||
</gallery> | |||
==Microscopic== | |||
Features: | |||
*[[Ischemic neurons]]. | |||
*+/-Neuronal loss. | |||
*+/-Microglial. | |||
*+/-[[Thrombosis]]. | |||
*+/-[[Atherosclerosis]]. | |||
DDx: | |||
*Hypoglycaemic injury.<ref name=pmid20666847/> | |||
===Images=== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image:AcuteStroke_HE400x.jpg|Neuronal changes of an acute stroke. (WC/Martin Hasselblatt) | |||
</gallery> | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[Neuropathology]]. | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Diagnosis]] | [[Category:Diagnosis]] | ||
[[Category:Neuropathology]] |
Latest revision as of 07:59, 11 December 2014
Cerebrovascular accident, abbreviated CVA, is a common neurologic pathology. It is also known as a stroke.
General
- Very common.
- Leading cause of morbidity and mortality.
Etiologies:[1]
- Atherosclerosis of the cerebral vessels or internal carotid artery.
- Embolism.
- Hemorrhage (ruptured berry aneurysm, cerebral amyloid angiopathy).
- Tumour.
- Others.
Clinical classification:
- Hemorrhagic stroke.
- Ischemic stroke.
Gross
- Soft/mushy brain.
- Older infarcts.
- A "roof" is present - a thin submeningeal layer is preserved by the CSF.[2]
- "Roof" is absent in trauma.
- Cavity - in older infarcts.
- Multiple sclerosis does not cavitate.
- A "roof" is present - a thin submeningeal layer is preserved by the CSF.[2]
- Laminar necrosis = (thin) chalky line replaces grey mater.[3]
DDx:
Images
Microscopic
Features:
- Ischemic neurons.
- +/-Neuronal loss.
- +/-Microglial.
- +/-Thrombosis.
- +/-Atherosclerosis.
DDx:
- Hypoglycaemic injury.[1]
Images
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Love, S. (Feb 2011). "Autopsy approach to stroke.". Histopathology 58 (3): 333-51. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03614.x. PMID 20666847.
- ↑ MUN. 16 December 2009.
- ↑ URL: http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/neurotest/Q03-Ans.htm. Accessed on: 26 October 2010.
- ↑ MUN. 26 November 2010.