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Difference between revisions of "Intracranial hematomas"
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'''Intracranial | '''Intracranial [[hematoma]]s''', also '''intracranial hemorrhage''', are bad stuff that keep neurosurgeons busy. They are usually diagnosed by imaging (CT head). | ||
Not much bleeding is needed to cause death. In a person without atrophy (to provide space for the blood) ~75 ml is considered enough if it is acute.<ref>McAuliffe. 15 October 2010.</ref> | Not much bleeding is needed to cause death. In a person without atrophy (to provide space for the blood) ~75 ml is considered enough if it is acute.<ref>McAuliffe. 15 October 2010.</ref> | ||
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*+/-Trauma. | *+/-Trauma. | ||
*Elderly, esp. those with cerebral atrophy.<ref>{{Ref PCPBoD8|663}}</ref> | *Elderly, esp. those with cerebral atrophy.<ref>{{Ref PCPBoD8|663}}</ref> | ||
Recurrance risks: | |||
*[[Diabetes mellitus]].<ref name=pmid22653496>{{Cite journal | last1 = Chon | first1 = KH. | last2 = Lee | first2 = JM. | last3 = Koh | first3 = EJ. | last4 = Choi | first4 = HY. | title = Independent predictors for recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma. | journal = Acta Neurochir (Wien) | volume = 154 | issue = 9 | pages = 1541-8 | month = Sep | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1007/s00701-012-1399-9 | PMID = 22653496 }}</ref> | |||
===Gross=== | ===Gross=== | ||
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*Blood in subdural (potential) space. | *Blood in subdural (potential) space. | ||
Images | ====Images==== | ||
<gallery> | |||
Image:Subdural_hematoma_-_very_low_mag.jpg | SDH - very low mag. (WC) | |||
Image:Subdural_hematoma_-_intermed_low_mag.jpg | SDH - intermed. mag. (WC) | |||
</gallery> | |||
==Subarachnoid hematoma== | ==Subarachnoid hematoma== | ||
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DDx - medical imaging: | DDx - medical imaging: | ||
*[[Diffuse axonal injury]] | *[[Diffuse axonal injury]]<ref name=pmid22406792>{{Cite journal | last1 = Kumar | first1 = S. | last2 = Gupta | first2 = V. | last3 = Aggarwal | first3 = S. | last4 = Singh | first4 = P. | last5 = Khandelwal | first5 = N. | title = Fat embolism syndrome mimicker of diffuse axonal injury on magnetic resonance imaging. | journal = Neurol India | volume = 60 | issue = 1 | pages = 100-2 | month = | year = | doi = 10.4103/0028-3886.93597 | PMID = 22406792 }}</ref> - severe DAI classically has a corpus callosum injury. | ||
*Herpes simplex encephalitis - temporal lobe hemorrhage. | |||
Images: | |||
*[http://www.duke.edu/~ema5/Golian/Slides/3/fluids-hemo_files/flh212.jpg FE (duke.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://www.duke.edu/~ema5/Golian/Slides/3/fluids-hemo.htm http://www.duke.edu/~ema5/Golian/Slides/3/fluids-hemo.htm]. Accessed on: 25 March 2012.</ref> | *[http://www.duke.edu/~ema5/Golian/Slides/3/fluids-hemo_files/flh212.jpg FE (duke.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://www.duke.edu/~ema5/Golian/Slides/3/fluids-hemo.htm http://www.duke.edu/~ema5/Golian/Slides/3/fluids-hemo.htm]. Accessed on: 25 March 2012.</ref> | ||
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3132375/figure/F2/ Cerebral fat embolism (nih.gov)].<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Eriksson | first1 = EA. | last2 = Schultz | first2 = SE. | last3 = Cohle | first3 = SD. | last4 = Post | first4 = KW. | title = Cerebral fat embolism without intracardiac shunt: A novel presentation. | journal = J Emerg Trauma Shock | volume = 4 | issue = 2 | pages = 309-12 | month = Apr | year = 2011 | doi = 10.4103/0974-2700.82233 | PMID = 21769222 | PMC = 3132375}}</ref> | |||
===Microscopic=== | ===Microscopic=== | ||