Difference between revisions of "Urachal carcinoma"
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===Sheldon staging system=== | ===Sheldon staging system=== | ||
Staging as Sheldon ''et al.'':<ref name= | Staging as Sheldon ''et al.'':<ref name=pmid19252435>{{Cite journal | last1 = Gopalan | first1 = A. | last2 = Sharp | first2 = DS. | last3 = Fine | first3 = SW. | last4 = Tickoo | first4 = SK. | last5 = Herr | first5 = HW. | last6 = Reuter | first6 = VE. | last7 = Olgac | first7 = S. | title = Urachal carcinoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 24 cases with outcome correlation. | journal = Am J Surg Pathol | volume = 33 | issue = 5 | pages = 659-68 | month = May | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1097/PAS.0b013e31819aa4ae | PMID = 19252435 }}</ref><ref name=pmid6361280>{{Cite journal | last1 = Sheldon | first1 = CA. | last2 = Clayman | first2 = RV. | last3 = Gonzalez | first3 = R. | last4 = Williams | first4 = RD. | last5 = Fraley | first5 = EE. | title = Malignant urachal lesions. | journal = J Urol | volume = 131 | issue = 1 | pages = 1-8 | month = Jan | year = 1984 | doi = | PMID = 6361280 }}</ref> | ||
*pT1 - confined to urachal mucosa. | *pT1 - confined to urachal mucosa. | ||
*pT2 - confined to the urachus. | *pT2 - confined to the urachus. | ||
Revision as of 03:52, 24 November 2014
| Urachal carcinoma | |
|---|---|
| Diagnosis in short | |
 Urachal carcinoma (right of image) and benign urothelium (left of image). H&E stain. | |
|
| |
| LM | atypical cells - usually gland forming, +/-mucinous component, +/-signet rings |
| Subtypes | enteric, mucinous, signet ring |
| LM DDx | adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder, invasive urothelial carcinoma with glandular differentiation, metastatic adenocarcinoma |
| IHC | CK20 +ve, beta-catenin +ve (non-nuclear), p63 -ve, CK34betaE12 +ve |
| Site | urachus, urinary bladder - specifically the dome |
|
| |
| Signs | +/-hematuria |
| Prevalence | very rare |
| Prognosis | usually poor |
| Clin. DDx | other bladder tumours - esp. urothelial carcinoma |
Urachal carcinoma is an uncommon malignant tumour that arises from the urachus. Most urachal carcinomas are adenocarcinomas.
General
Treatment:
- Partial cystectomy +/- umbilectomy.
Gross
- Lesion must be in urachus or dome of urinary bladder.
Microscopic
Features of epithelial malignancy:
- Atypical (epithelial) cells.
- May be signet ring cells.
- Usually gland forming, i.e. adenocarcinoma.
- +/-Mucinous component.
Features making it urothelial carcinoma (modified Sheldon criteria) - all required:[3]
- Located in bladder dome or anterior wall.
- Centered on bladder wall (as opposed to the mucosa).
- No widespread cystitis cystica/glandularis outside of the bladder dome and anterior wall.
- No known urothelial carcinoma elsewhere.
DDx:[4]
- Adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder.
- Invasive urothelial carcinoma with glandular differentiation.
- Metastatic adenocarcinoma/adenocarcinoma extending from another structure, e.g. colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Patterns
- Enteric - looks like colonic adenocarcinoma.
- Mucinous.
- Signet ring.
Note:
- Urachal carcinoma may be nonglandular.[3]
Images
UC - very low mag. (WC)
UC - low mag. (WC)
UC - high mag. (WC)
IHC
Features:[5]
- CK20 +ve.
- CK7 +ve/-ve.
- CK34betaE12 +ve/-ve.
- Beta-catenin -- usu cytoplasmic/membranous +ve.
Others:[6]
- p63 -ve (+ve in only 3%).
UC versus CRC -- not absolute but useful:
- CK34betaE12 +ve in UC (-ve in CRC).
- Beta-catenin -ve nuclei in UC (+ve nuclei in CRC).
Sign out
- The diagnosis is a clinicopathologic diagnosis - one needs imaging to make it.[4]
- May be staged with the Sheldon system.[2]
Sheldon staging system
Staging as Sheldon et al.:[5][7]
- pT1 - confined to urachal mucosa.
- pT2 - confined to the urachus.
- pT3a - extension into the bladder wall
- pT3b - extension into the abdominal wall.
- pT3c - structures other than the bladder.
- pT4a - metastasis to regional lymph nodes.
- pT4b - metastasis to distant sites.
See also
References
- ↑ Ashley, RA.; Inman, BA.; Sebo, TJ.; Leibovich, BC.; Blute, ML.; Kwon, ED.; Zincke, H. (Aug 2006). "Urachal carcinoma: clinicopathologic features and long-term outcomes of an aggressive malignancy.". Cancer 107 (4): 712-20. doi:10.1002/cncr.22060. PMID 16826585.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bruins, HM.; Visser, O.; Ploeg, M.; Hulsbergen-van de Kaa, CA.; Kiemeney, LA.; Witjes, JA. (Oct 2012). "The clinical epidemiology of urachal carcinoma: results of a large, population based study.". J Urol 188 (4): 1102-7. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2012.06.020. PMID 22901574.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Paner, GP.; Barkan, GA.; Mehta, V.; Sirintrapun, SJ.; Tsuzuki, T.; Sebo, TJ.; Jimenez, RE. (Mar 2012). "Urachal carcinomas of the nonglandular type: salient features and considerations in pathologic diagnosis.". Am J Surg Pathol 36 (3): 432-42. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e31823fe49c. PMID 22301493.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Amin, Mahul B. (2010). Diagnostic Pathology: Genitourinary (1st ed.). Amirsys. pp. 2-143. ISBN 978-1931884280.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Gopalan, A.; Sharp, DS.; Fine, SW.; Tickoo, SK.; Herr, HW.; Reuter, VE.; Olgac, S. (May 2009). "Urachal carcinoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 24 cases with outcome correlation.". Am J Surg Pathol 33 (5): 659-68. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e31819aa4ae. PMID 19252435.
- ↑ Paner, GP.; McKenney, JK.; Barkan, GA.; Yao, JL.; Frankel, WL.; Sebo, TJ.; Shen, SS.; Jimenez, RE. (Jun 2011). "Immunohistochemical analysis in a morphologic spectrum of urachal epithelial neoplasms: diagnostic implications and pitfalls.". Am J Surg Pathol 35 (6): 787-98. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e3182189c11. PMID 21572312.
- ↑ Sheldon, CA.; Clayman, RV.; Gonzalez, R.; Williams, RD.; Fraley, EE. (Jan 1984). "Malignant urachal lesions.". J Urol 131 (1): 1-8. PMID 6361280.