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(→Chorangioma: +link to image, ref) |
(redo refs) |
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==Normal== | ==Normal== | ||
Amnion - next to fetus, surrounds amniotic fluid, avascular. | Amnion - next to fetus, surrounds amniotic fluid, avascular. | ||
*Characterized by a single layer of cells.<ref> | *Characterized by a single layer of cells.<ref name=Ref_H4P2_974>{{Ref H4P2|974}}</ref> | ||
**Cuboidal/squamoid shape. | **Cuboidal/squamoid shape. | ||
**Eosinophilic cytoplasm. | **Eosinophilic cytoplasm. | ||
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*Squamous metaplasia may be seen at cord insertion. | *Squamous metaplasia may be seen at cord insertion. | ||
*Basement membrane. | *Basement membrane. | ||
*'Compact layer'.<ref> | *'Compact layer'.<ref name=Ref_H4P2_974>{{Ref H4P2|974}}</ref> | ||
*'Fibroblastic layer'.<ref> | *'Fibroblastic layer'.<ref name=Ref_H4P2_974>{{Ref H4P2|974}}</ref> | ||
Chorion - surrounds amnion | Chorion - surrounds amnion | ||
*Layers:<ref> | *Layers:<ref name=Ref_H4P2_977>{{Ref H4P2|977}}</ref> | ||
**'Reticular layer' - cellular (inner aspect). | **'Reticular layer' - cellular (inner aspect). | ||
**'Pseudo-basemement membrane'. | **'Pseudo-basemement membrane'. | ||
**'Outer trophoblastic layer'. | **'Outer trophoblastic layer'. | ||
*Has blood vessels. | *Has blood vessels. | ||
*Opposed to "trophoblastic X cells" on side opposite of amnion.<ref> | *Opposed to "trophoblastic X cells" on side opposite of amnion.<ref name=Ref_H4P2_974>{{Ref H4P2|974}}</ref> | ||
**Beneath of the "trophoblastic X cells" is ''decidua'' (mnemonic ''NEW'' = nucleus central, eosinophilic, well-defined cell border), which is maternal tissue. | **Beneath of the "trophoblastic X cells" is ''decidua'' (mnemonic ''NEW'' = nucleus central, eosinophilic, well-defined cell border), which is maternal tissue. | ||
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===Placental membranes=== | ===Placental membranes=== | ||
Appearance:<ref>Lester | Appearance:<ref name=Ref_Lester461>{{Ref Lester|461}}</ref> | ||
*Normal - shiny. | *Normal - shiny. | ||
*Choriomnionitis - opaque/dull. | *Choriomnionitis - opaque/dull. | ||
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===Diamnionic-monochorionic (DiMo)=== | ===Diamnionic-monochorionic (DiMo)=== | ||
*No interposed chorion.<ref> | *No interposed chorion.<ref name=Ref_H4P2_979>{{Ref H4P2|979}}</ref> | ||
*Always monozygotic. | *Always monozygotic. | ||
*Highest risk of TTTS (twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome). | *Highest risk of TTTS (twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome). | ||
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# necrosis - in vessels or Wharton jelly. | # necrosis - in vessels or Wharton jelly. | ||
Note: There is no such thing as ''chorionitis''.<ref>ALS | Note: There is no such thing as ''chorionitis''.<ref>ALS. February 2009.</ref> | ||
===IHC=== | ===IHC=== | ||
Useful to differentiate hemosiderin-laden macrophages and meconium laden macrophages: | Useful to differentiate hemosiderin-laden macrophages and meconium laden macrophages: |
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