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Difference between revisions of "Pituitary gland"
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autoimmune
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m (autoimmune) |
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==Function== | ==Function== | ||
Anterior | ===Anterior=== | ||
Hormones:<ref name=rcn_com>[http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/Pituitary.html http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/Pituitary.html]</ref> | |||
*Growth hormone (GH). | *Growth hormone (GH). | ||
*Luteinizing hormone (LH) | *Luteinizing hormone (LH) | ||
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Mnemonic: "Go Look For The Adenoma Please" = GH, LH, FSH, TSH, ACTH, PRL. | Mnemonic: "Go Look For The Adenoma Please" = GH, LH, FSH, TSH, ACTH, PRL. | ||
Posterior | ===Posterior=== | ||
Hormones:<ref name=rcn_com/> | |||
*Oxytocin. | *Oxytocin. | ||
*Antidiuretic hormone (ADH). | *Antidiuretic hormone (ADH). | ||
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==Pituitary adenoma== | ==Pituitary adenoma== | ||
===General=== | |||
*Classically presents with visual field defects. | |||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features:<ref name=Ref_PSNP36>{{Ref PSNP|36}}</ref> | Features:<ref name=Ref_PSNP36>{{Ref PSNP|36}}</ref> | ||
*Loss of fibrous stroma. | *Loss of fibrous stroma. | ||
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:See ''[[Head and neck pathology]]''. | :See ''[[Head and neck pathology]]''. | ||
*Arises from ''intermediate lobe''. | *Arises from ''intermediate lobe''. | ||
*Embryonic remnant. | |||
*Related to ''craniopharyngioma''. | |||
==Craniopharyngioma== | ==Craniopharyngioma== | ||
:See ''[[Head and neck pathology]]''. | :See ''[[Head and neck pathology]]''. | ||
*Related to ''Rathke cleft cyst''. | |||
==Necrosis== | ==Necrosis== | ||
*Sheehan syndrome - blood loss in childbirth.<ref>URL: [http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sheehans-syndrome/DS00889 http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sheehans-syndrome/DS00889]. Accessed on: 16 November 2010.</ref> | *Rare. | ||
*Syphilis ( | |||
*Mollaret's meningitis.<ref name=pmid18715308>{{cite journal |author=Dancer CM, Woods ML, Henderson RD, Robertson T, Mungomery M, Allworth A |title=Mollaret's meningitis and pituitary failure associated with a Rathke's cleft cyst |journal=Intern Med J |volume=38 |issue=7 |pages=609–11 |year=2008 |month=July |pmid=18715308 |doi=10.1111/j.1445-5994.2008.01709.x |url=}}</ref> (???) | ===Causes=== | ||
*Spontaneous necrosis of pituitary tumours - | *Sheehan syndrome - secondary to blood loss in childbirth.<ref>URL: [http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sheehans-syndrome/DS00889 http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sheehans-syndrome/DS00889]. Accessed on: 16 November 2010.</ref> | ||
*Syphilis (fetal-maternal transmission).<ref>URL: [http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/104/1/e4 http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/104/1/e4]. Accessed on: 16 November 2010.</ref> | |||
*Mollaret's meningitis - very rare.<ref name=pmid18715308>{{cite journal |author=Dancer CM, Woods ML, Henderson RD, Robertson T, Mungomery M, Allworth A |title=Mollaret's meningitis and pituitary failure associated with a Rathke's cleft cyst |journal=Intern Med J |volume=38 |issue=7 |pages=609–11 |year=2008 |month=July |pmid=18715308 |doi=10.1111/j.1445-5994.2008.01709.x |url=}}</ref> (???) | |||
*Spontaneous necrosis of pituitary tumours - case reports.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sachdev Y, Evered DC, Hall R |title=Spontaneous pituitary necrosis |journal=Br Med J |volume=1 |issue=6015 |pages=942 |year=1976 |month=April |pmid=1268492 |pmc=1639254 |doi= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1639254/pdf/brmedj00512-0028a.pdf}}</ref> | |||
==Autoimmune hypophysitis== | |||
===General=== | |||
Features:<ref name=pmid18388197/> | |||
*Rare. | |||
*Autoantigens are unknown. | |||
*May be misdiagnosed as a nonsecreting adenoma. | |||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features:<ref name=pmid18388197>{{cite journal |author=Tzou SC, Lupi I, Landek M, ''et al.'' |title=Autoimmune hypophysitis of SJL mice: clinical insights from a new animal model |journal=Endocrinology |volume=149 |issue=7 |pages=3461–9 |year=2008 |month=July |pmid=18388197 |pmc=2453094 |doi=10.1210/en.2007-1692 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Lymphocytic infiltration. | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||