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'''Seborrheic keratosis''', abbreviated '''SK''', is a very common diagnosis is dermatopathology. | |||
==General== | |||
*Benign. | |||
*Most common tumour in older people.<ref name=emed_sk2>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1059477-overview#a0199 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1059477-overview#a0199]. Accessed on: 26 August 2011.</ref> | |||
*"Large number" of SKs = paraneoplastic syndrome (''Leser–Trélat sign'').<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_595>{{Ref PCPBoD8|595}}</ref> | |||
Epidemiology: | |||
*Old people. | |||
*Usually in sun exposed area.<ref name=emed_sk1>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1059477-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1059477-overview]. Accessed on: 26 August 2011.</ref> | |||
==Gross== | |||
*"Stuck-on" appearance - raised lesion. | |||
Image(s): | |||
*[http://www.dermatlas.org/derm/IndexDisplay.cfm?ImageID=91774460 SK - gross image (dermatlas.org)]. | |||
==Microscopic== | |||
Features:<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_595>{{Ref PCPBoD8|595}}</ref> | |||
*Raised above skin surface. | |||
*Border sharply demarcated. | |||
*Hyperkeratosis - stratum corneum extra thick. | |||
**May be minimal. | |||
*Horn cysts - intraepidermal collections of keratin - '''key feature'''. | |||
**Actually invaginations - '''not''' true cysts; thus, they may more accurately be called ''pseudohorn cysts''.<ref>URL: [http://www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/dermatology/dpt/HornCyst.htm http://www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/dermatology/dpt/HornCyst.htm]. Accessed on: 13 September 2012.</ref> | |||
*Clusters of cells with brown granular material in the superficial dermis/dermoepidermal junction - pigmented melanocytes. | |||
DDx:<ref name=Ref_Derm338-9>{{Ref Derm|338-9}}</ref> | |||
*[[Actinic keratosis]] - especially, irritated SKs; have nuclear atypia and parakeratosis. | |||
*[[Verruca vulgaris]] - SK may have papillomatous projections. | |||
*[[Basal cell carcinoma]], fibroepitheliomatous pattern - esp. reticulated SK. | |||
*[[Melanocytic nevus]]. | |||
*[[Condyloma acuminatum]] - may have horn cysts, more probable than SK in the genital area. | |||
*[[Inverted follicular keratosis]] - predominantly endophytic growth pattern, may be considered a variant of seborrheic keratosis.<ref name=Ref_Derm341>{{Ref Derm|341}}</ref> | |||
===Images=== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image:Seborrheic_keratosis_(1).jpg | Seborrheic keratosis - low mag. (WC) | |||
Image:Seborrheic_keratosis_%282%29.jpg | Seborrheic keratosis - high mag. (WC) | |||
</gallery> | |||
www: | |||
*[http://www.dermatlas.org/derm/IndexDisplay.cfm?ImageID=-1985374774 Seborrheic keratosis - high mag. (dermatlas.org)]. | |||
*[http://www.dermatlas.org/derm/IndexDisplay.cfm?ImageID=-1880960893 Seborrheic keratosis - low mag. (dermatlas.org)]. | |||
===Histologic subtypes=== | |||
Like very common lesion, there are subtypes:<ref name=Ref_Derm338-9>{{Ref Derm|338-9}}</ref> | |||
*Acanthotic seborrheic keratosis - thickened ''stratum spinosum''; thick epidermis. | |||
*Reticulated seborrheic keratosis - vaguely resembles [[fibroepithelioma of Pinkus]] (BCC, fibroepitheliomatous pattern). | |||
*Irritated seborrheic keratosis - spongiosis (epidermal intercellular edema) and inflammation. | |||
*Digitated seborrheic keratosis - papillomatous projections, architecture mimics a [[verruca]]. | |||
*Stucco keratosis - pointed papillomatous projections. | |||
==Sign out== | |||
<pre> | |||
SKIN LESION, MID BACK, BIOPSY: | |||
- SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS. | |||
</pre> | |||
===Micro=== | |||
The sections show skin with acanthosis, pseudohorn cysts, parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis and focal basal epidermal pigmentation. There is no basal nuclear atypia, and there are no | |||
melanocytic nests or mitoses. There is minimal dermal inflammation. There is no | |||
apparent solar elastosis. | |||
====Without horn pseudocysts==== | |||
The sections show skin with acanthosis, a thin layer of compact keratin and focal basal epidermal pigmentation. Dilated blood vessels surrounded by collagen are seen in the superficial dermis. No pseudohorn cysts are identified. A granular layer is present. | |||
There is no basal nuclear atypia. There is no mitotic activity and no melanocytic nests. There is no solar elastosis. No koilocytes are apparent. | |||
====Minimal hyperkeratosis==== | |||
The sections show skin with acanthosis, pseudohorn cysts, rare parakeratosis, minimal hyperkeratosis and focal basal epidermal pigmentation. There is no basal nuclear atypia, no appreciable mitotic activity and there are no melanocytic nests. There is minimal dermal inflammation. Solar elastosis is present. | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[Non-malignant skin disease]]. | |||
*[[Dermatopathology]]. | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Diagnosis]] | [[Category:Diagnosis]] | ||
[[Category:Dermatopathology]] | |||