Crystals in body fluids

This article deals with crystals in body fluids.

Joint crystals

Types:

• Gout = needle-shaped, negatively birefringent, yellow when aligned.
• Pseudogout = rhomboid-shaped, positively birefringent, blue when aligned.

Notes:

• Pseudogout also known as CPPD = calcium pyrophosphate dehydrogenase.
• Memory device: ABC+ = aligned blue is calcium - positively birefringent.

Urine crystals

Types:

• Envelope shape (calcium oxalate).
• Diamond shape (uric acid).
• Coffin-lid shape (struvite).
• Hexagonal shape (cysteine).

Notes:

• Memory device: Diamonds are see-through; ergo, uric acid stones not seen on KUB.
• Uric acid crystals: usually dissolve in formulin... but do not dissolve in alcohol.

See also

• Cytopathology.
• Medical renal diseases.