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Difference between revisions of "Heart"
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→Cocaine toxicity
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==Cocaine toxicity== | ==Cocaine toxicity== | ||
===General=== | ===General=== | ||
*Anatomical findings at autopsy are non-specific. | *Anatomical pathology findings at autopsy are uncommon (most common situation) or non-specific (atherosclerosis +/- acute thrombosis).<ref name=pmid1749414>{{cite journal |author=Virmani R |title=Cocaine-associated cardiovascular disease: clinical and pathological aspects |journal=NIDA Res. Monogr. |volume=108 |issue= |pages=220–9 |year=1991 |pmid=1749414 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Toxicity mechanisms: | |||
**Direct effects of norepinephrine on myocytes | |||
**Vasospasm leading to myocardial ischemia. | |||
===Gross=== | ===Gross=== | ||
Features:<ref name=pmid1346509>{{cite journal |author=Kloner RA, Hale S, Alker K, Rezkalla S |title=The effects of acute and chronic cocaine use on the heart |journal=Circulation |volume=85 |issue=2 |pages=407–19 |year=1992 |month=February |pmid=1346509 |doi= |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=1346509}}</ref> | Features:<ref name=pmid1346509>{{cite journal |author=Kloner RA, Hale S, Alker K, Rezkalla S |title=The effects of acute and chronic cocaine use on the heart |journal=Circulation |volume=85 |issue=2 |pages=407–19 |year=1992 |month=February |pmid=1346509 |doi= |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=1346509}}</ref> | ||
*Atherosclerosis out of keeping with age. | *+/-Atherosclerosis out of keeping with age. | ||
*+/-Large areas of confluent necrosis. | *+/-Large areas of confluent necrosis. | ||
*+/-Fibrosis. | *+/-Fibrosis. | ||
===Microscopic=== | ===Microscopic=== | ||