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Difference between revisions of "Prostate gland"
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The '''prostate gland''' adds juice to the sperm. In old men it creates lotsa problems... [[nodular hyperplasia]] (commonly called BPH or [[benign prostatic hyperplasia]]) and cancer (adenocarcinoma). | The '''prostate gland''' adds juice to the sperm. In old men it creates lotsa problems... [[nodular hyperplasia]] (commonly called BPH or [[benign prostatic hyperplasia]]) and cancer (adenocarcinoma). | ||
=Normal= | =Normal prostate gland= | ||
==Anatomy== | |||
Divided into three zones:<ref name=pmid2456702>{{Cite journal | last1 = McNeal | first1 = JE. | title = Normal histology of the prostate. | journal = Am J Surg Pathol | volume = 12 | issue = 8 | pages = 619-33 | month = Aug | year = 1988 | doi = | PMID = 2456702 }} | Divided into three zones:<ref name=pmid2456702>{{Cite journal | last1 = McNeal | first1 = JE. | title = Normal histology of the prostate. | journal = Am J Surg Pathol | volume = 12 | issue = 8 | pages = 619-33 | month = Aug | year = 1988 | doi = | PMID = 2456702 }} | ||
</ref> | </ref> | ||
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#Transition zone - usual location for [[nodular hyperplasia of the prostate|nodular hyperplasia]]. | #Transition zone - usual location for [[nodular hyperplasia of the prostate|nodular hyperplasia]]. | ||
==Histology== | |||
*Glands have two cell layers (similar to glands in breast). | *Glands have two cell layers (similar to glands in breast). | ||
**Second cell layer may be difficult to see (like in breast). | **Second cell layer may be difficult to see (like in breast). | ||
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*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corpora_amylacea_high_mag.jpg Benign prostate with corpora amylacea - high mag. (WC)]. | *[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corpora_amylacea_high_mag.jpg Benign prostate with corpora amylacea - high mag. (WC)]. | ||
==IHC of normal prostate== | |||
Normal prostate: | Normal prostate: | ||
*AMACR -ve (mark epithelial cells). | *AMACR -ve (mark epithelial cells). | ||
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*PSA (prostate-specific antigen) +ve, PSAP (prostatic-specific acid phosphatase) +ve. | *PSA (prostate-specific antigen) +ve, PSAP (prostatic-specific acid phosphatase) +ve. | ||
=Other accessory glands= | |||
==Bulbourethral gland== | |||
*[[AKA]] ''Cowper's gland''. | *[[AKA]] ''Cowper's gland''. | ||
===General=== | |||
General | |||
*Mucinous glands at the apex of the prostate. | *Mucinous glands at the apex of the prostate. | ||
Microscopic: | ===Microscopic=== | ||
Features:<ref name=pmid9158679>{{Cite journal | last1 = Cina | first1 = SJ. | last2 = Silberman | first2 = MA. | last3 = Kahane | first3 = H. | last4 = Epstein | first4 = JI. | title = Diagnosis of Cowper's glands on prostate needle biopsy. | journal = Am J Surg Pathol | volume = 21 | issue = 5 | pages = 550-5 | month = May | year = 1997 | doi = | PMID = 9158679 }}</ref> | |||
*Resemble (mucinous) [[salivary gland]]s. | |||
DDx: | DDx: | ||
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*[http://pathology.mc.duke.edu/research/histo_course/mixed_saliv.jpg Mucinous/serous salivary gland (duke.edu)]. | *[http://pathology.mc.duke.edu/research/histo_course/mixed_saliv.jpg Mucinous/serous salivary gland (duke.edu)]. | ||
Stains | ===Stains=== | ||
*[[Mucicarmine]] +ve. | *[[Mucicarmine]] +ve. | ||
*[[PAS-D]] +ve. | *[[PAS-D]] +ve. | ||
IHC:<ref name=pmid9158679/> | ===IHC=== | ||
Features:<ref name=pmid9158679/> | |||
*PSAP -ve. | *PSAP -ve. | ||
*PSA +ve. | *PSA +ve. | ||
*HMWCK +ve. | *HMWCK +ve. | ||
==Seminal vesicles== | |||
*Fern-like architecture - epithelial component clustered closely, looks like it connects. | *Fern-like architecture - epithelial component clustered closely, looks like it connects. | ||
**Epithelium surrounded by a thick layer of muscle (>10 cells across ~80 microns). | **Epithelium surrounded by a thick layer of muscle (>10 cells across ~80 microns). | ||