Difference between revisions of "Kidney"
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===Gross=== | ===Gross=== | ||
*Kidney has multiple large cysts. | *Kidney has multiple large cysts or differing sizes. | ||
DDx: | |||
*[[ARPKD]] - has less variability of cyst size. | |||
Images: | Images: | ||
Revision as of 22:47, 6 May 2012
The kidney is an important organ in the abdomen that does the following:
- Water balance & blood pressure regulation,
- Acid-base balance,
- Removes toxins/cleans the blood, and
- Produces hormones (e.g. erythropoietin).
Tumours
Main article: Kidney tumours
This is mostly the domain of urology.
This article cover the common renal tumours:
- Renal cell carcinoma.
- Oncocytoma.
- Most other tumours... except urothelial tumours are dealt with in the urothelium article.
Pediatric tumours are covered in pediatric kidney tumours.
Medical kidney diseases
Main article: Medical kidney diseases
This is almost a specialty for itself. Lots of interaction with nephrologists. Cystic renal disease is dealt with in a separate article called cystic kidney diseases.
Developmental
Horseshoe kidney
General
- Anatomical variant.
- Prevalence ~1 in 500.[1]
Gross
- The inferior poles of the kidneys are joined with one another - have the shape of a horseshoe.
Image:
Multicystic renal dysplasia
- Abbreviated MRD.
General
- Most common cause of abdominal mass in newborns.[2]
- Subtype of renal dysplasia.[2]
- May be unilateral or involve only part of a kidney.[3]
Gross
- Kidney has multiple large cysts or differing sizes.
DDx:
- ARPKD - has less variability of cyst size.
Images:
Microscopic
Features:[3]
- Cystic spaces.
- Fibrous stroma.
- Islands of cartilage.
Image:
Renal medullary dysplasia
General
- Associated with:
- Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.[4]
- Placental insufficiency.[5]
Microscopic
Features:[4]
- Widely spaced tubules in the medulla of the kidney.
See also
References
- ↑ Klatt, Edward C. (2006). Robbins and Cotran Atlas of Pathology (1st ed.). Saunders. pp. 233. ISBN 978-1416002741.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 URL: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/982560-overview. Accessed on: 4 January 2012.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Klatt, Edward C. (2006). Robbins and Cotran Atlas of Pathology (1st ed.). Saunders. pp. 237. ISBN 978-1416002741.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Dotto, J.; Reyes-Múgica, M. (Jan 2007). "Renal medullary dysplasia is diagnostic of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.". Int J Surg Pathol 15 (1): 60-1. doi:10.1177/1066896906295685. PMID 17172498.
- ↑ Sparrow, DB.; Boyle, SC.; Sams, RS.; Mazuruk, B.; Zhang, L.; Moeckel, GW.; Dunwoodie, SL.; de Caestecker, MP. (Apr 2009). "Placental insufficiency associated with loss of Cited1 causes renal medullary dysplasia.". J Am Soc Nephrol 20 (4): 777-86. doi:10.1681/ASN.2008050547. PMID 19297558.