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Difference between revisions of "Abusive head trauma"
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This article covers ''' | This article covers '''abusive head trauma''' in infants. It commonly goes by the name '''shaken baby syndrome'''. An common alternate term is '''shaken-impact syndrome'''; this is advocated by some as it is uncertain with shaking alone is sufficient to cause the classic pattern of injuries. | ||
==Clinical triad<ref name=pmid18365221>{{cite journal |author=Oehmichen M, Schleiss D, Pedal I, Saternus KS, Gerling I, Meissner C |title=Shaken baby syndrome: re-examination of diffuse axonal injury as cause of death |journal=Acta Neuropathol. |volume=116 |issue=3 |pages=317–29 |year=2008 |month=September |pmid=18365221 |doi=10.1007/s00401-008-0356-4 |url=}}</ref> | ==Defining features== | ||
===Clinical triad=== | |||
Classically described as:<ref name=pmid18365221>{{cite journal |author=Oehmichen M, Schleiss D, Pedal I, Saternus KS, Gerling I, Meissner C |title=Shaken baby syndrome: re-examination of diffuse axonal injury as cause of death |journal=Acta Neuropathol. |volume=116 |issue=3 |pages=317–29 |year=2008 |month=September |pmid=18365221 |doi=10.1007/s00401-008-0356-4 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Retinal haemorrhage. | *Retinal haemorrhage. | ||
*[[Subdural | *[[Subdural hemorrhage]] (SDH). | ||
*Acute encephalopathy. | *Acute encephalopathy. | ||
**Some say ''brain swelling''.<ref>David Ramsay. 9 September 2010.</ref> | **Some say ''brain swelling''.<ref>David Ramsay. 9 September 2010.</ref> | ||
==Pathologic triad== | ===Pathologic triad=== | ||
*Subdural | *Subdural hemorrhage (SDH). | ||
**May be "thin film" type. | **May be "thin film" type. | ||
*Retinal hemorrhage/nerve sheath hemorrhage.<ref name=pmid18936952>PMID 18936952.</ref> | *Retinal hemorrhage/nerve sheath hemorrhage.<ref name=pmid18936952>PMID 18936952.</ref> | ||
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==Related== | ==Related== | ||
===Sinovenous thrombosis=== | ===Sinovenous thrombosis=== | ||
*Usually not associated with SDH. | *Usually not associated with [[SDH]]. | ||
DDx: | DDx: | ||
*Coagulopathy. | *Coagulopathy, as may be seen in sepsis. | ||
*Trauma. | *Trauma. | ||
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[[Category:Forensic pathology]] | [[Category:Forensic pathology]] | ||
[[Category:Pediatric pathology]] | |||
[[Category:Diagnosis]] | |||