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| {{ Infobox diagnosis
| | '''CD30''' is common [[immunostain]] that is available in many labs. |
| | Name = {{PAGENAME}}
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| | Caption =
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| | Synonyms =
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| | Micro =
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| | Subtypes =
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| | LMDDx = [[metastatic]] squamous cell carcinoma (esp. [[squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix]]), [[urothelial carcinoma]] with squamous differentiation, [[condyloma acuminatum]], [[squamous dysplasia]], [[keratinising squamous metaplasia of the urinary bladder]]
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| | Stains =
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| | IHC = p16 -ve/+ve, CK20 -ve, CK7 -ve, CK14 +ve, GATA3 -ve
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| | EM =
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| | Molecular =
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| | IF =
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| | Gross =
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| | Grossing =
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| | Site = [[urinary bladder]]
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| | Assdx =
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| | Syndromes =
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| | Clinicalhx = lived in areas with ''Schistosoma haematobium''
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| | Signs =
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| | Symptoms = hematuria
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| | Prevalence = very rare
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| | Bloodwork =
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| | Rads =
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| | Endoscopy =
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| | Prognosis = similar to UCC of the bladder
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| | Other =
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| | ClinDDx = other bladder tumours
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| | Tx = cystectomy
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| }}
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| '''Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder''', abbreviated '''SCC of the bladder''', is a rare [[cancer]] of the [[urinary bladder]]. | |
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| Squamous differentiation in [[urothelial carcinoma]] is common and much more frequent than SCC of the bladder.
| | ==Positive staining== |
| | *[[Anaplastic large cell lymphoma]]. |
| | *[[Hodgkin lymphoma]]. |
| | *[[Embryonal carcinoma]]. |
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| ==General== | | ==Negative staining== |
| *Strong association with ''Schistosoma haematobium''.<ref name=pmid17483025>{{Cite journal | last1 = Michaud | first1 = DS. | title = Chronic inflammation and bladder cancer. | journal = Urol Oncol | volume = 25 | issue = 3 | pages = 260-8 | month = | year = | doi = 10.1016/j.urolonc.2006.10.002 | PMID = 17483025 }}</ref>
| | *[[Seminoma]]. |
| **Common in areas with ''S. haematobium''.
| | **CD30 positive seminoma with keratin staining reported.<ref name=pmid8912826>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hittmair A, Rogatsch H, Hobisch A, Mikuz G, Feichtinger H |title=CD30 expression in seminoma |journal=Hum. Pathol. |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1166–71 |date=November 1996 |pmid=8912826 |doi=10.1016/s0046-8177(96)90310-x |url=}}</ref> |
| **Uncommon in areas without ''S. haematobium''.
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| *Five year survival of SCC of the bladder is similar to UCC of the bladder.<ref name=pmid26199176 >{{Cite journal | last1 = Izard | first1 = JP. | last2 = Siemens | first2 = DR. | last3 = Mackillop | first3 = WJ. | last4 = Wei | first4 = X. | last5 = Leveridge | first5 = MJ. | last6 = Berman | first6 = DM. | last7 = Peng | first7 = Y. | last8 = Booth | first8 = CM. | title = Outcomes of squamous histology in bladder cancer: a population-based study. | journal = Urol Oncol | volume = 33 | issue = 10 | pages = 425.e7-13 | month = Oct | year = 2015 | doi = 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.06.011 | PMID = 26199176 }}</ref>
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| **Unadjusted five year survival of UCC, SCC and UCC with squamous differentiation is 34%, 33% and 28% respectively.
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| ===Subclassification===
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| Divided into two subtypes: <ref name=pmid27547458>{{Cite journal | last1 = Martin | first1 = JW. | last2 = Carballido | first2 = EM. | last3 = Ahmed | first3 = A. | last4 = Farhan | first4 = B. | last5 = Dutta | first5 = R. | last6 = Smith | first6 = C. | last7 = Youssef | first7 = RF. | title = Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: Systematic review of clinical characteristics and therapeutic approaches. | journal = Arab J Urol | volume = 14 | issue = 3 | pages = 183-91 | month = Sep | year = 2016 | doi = 10.1016/j.aju.2016.07.001 | PMID = 27547458 }}</ref>
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| *Bilharzial-associated SCC (BSCC) - not associated with bilharziasis (Schistosoma).
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| *Non-bilharzial SCC (NBSCC).
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| Characteristics of NBSCC:<ref name=pmid27547458/>
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| *Prevalance ~2-5% of bladder tumours (in Western countries).<ref>URL: [https://www.myvmc.com/diseases/bladder-cancer-squamous-cell-carcinoma-of-the-bladder/ https://www.myvmc.com/diseases/bladder-cancer-squamous-cell-carcinoma-of-the-bladder/]. Accessed on: 14 February 2018.</ref>
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| *Usually high-grade.
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| *Typical patient 7th decade.
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| **Fifth decade for BSCC
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| *Present with hematuria without irritative bladder symptoms.
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| *Risk factors: indwelling catheters, chronic inflammation/irritants.
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| ==Microscopic==
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| Features:
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| *See ''[[squamous cell carcinoma]]'' article.
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| DDx:
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| *[[Metastatic]] squamous cell carcinoma. | |
| **[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix]]. | |
| *[[Urothelial carcinoma]] with squamous differentiation - very common.
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| **In biopsies, this should be mentioned as a possibility.
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| *[[Condyloma acuminatum]].
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| *[[Squamous dysplasia]].
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| *[[Keratinising squamous metaplasia of the urinary bladder]].
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| ==IHC==
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| Features:
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| *p16 -ve/+ve.
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| **Not definite for separating from cervix - but suggestive: cervix ~86% +ve, bladder ~37% +ve.<ref name=pmid20571342>{{Cite journal | last1 = Cioffi-Lavina | first1 = M. | last2 = Chapman-Fredricks | first2 = J. | last3 = Gomez-Fernandez | first3 = C. | last4 = Ganjei-Azar | first4 = P. | last5 = Manoharan | first5 = M. | last6 = Jorda | first6 = M. | title = P16 expression in squamous cell carcinomas of cervix and bladder. | journal = Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol | volume = 18 | issue = 4 | pages = 344-7 | month = Jul | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1097/PAI.0b013e3181d2bbd7 | PMID = 20571342 }}</ref>
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| *CK14 +ve.<ref name=pmid25643514>{{Cite journal | last1 = Hammam | first1 = O. | last2 = Wishahiz | first2 = M. | last3 = Khalil | first3 = H. | last4 = El Ganzouri | first4 = H. | last5 = Badawy | first5 = M. | last6 = Elkhquly | first6 = A. | last7 = Elesaily | first7 = K. | title = Expression of cytokeratin 7, 20, 14 in urothelial carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the Egyprian urinary bladder cancer. | journal = J Egypt Soc Parasitol | volume = 44 | issue = 3 | pages = 733-40 | month = Dec | year = 2014 | doi = | PMID = 25643514 }}</ref>
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| *CK7 -ve.<ref name=pmid25643514/>
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| *CK20 -ve.<ref name=pmid25643514/>
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| ===UCC versus SCC===
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| IHC may be of some use as per Gulmann ''et al.'':<ref name=pmid22995333>{{Cite journal | last1 = Gulmann | first1 = C. | last2 = Paner | first2 = GP. | last3 = Parakh | first3 = RS. | last4 = Hansel | first4 = DE. | last5 = Shen | first5 = SS. | last6 = Ro | first6 = JY. | last7 = Annaiah | first7 = C. | last8 = Lopez-Beltran | first8 = A. | last9 = Rao | first9 = P. | title = Immunohistochemical profile to distinguish urothelial from squamous differentiation in carcinomas of urothelial tract. | journal = Hum Pathol | volume = 44 | issue = 2 | pages = 164-72 | month = Feb | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.05.018 | PMID = 22995333 }}</ref>
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| {| class="wikitable sortable"
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| ! Immunostain
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| ! Pure SCC (12 cases)
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| ! Pure UCC (15 cases)
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| |-
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| | CK14
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| | 100% (12/12)
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| | 27% (4/15)
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| |-
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| | Desmoglein-3
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| | 75% (9/12)
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| | 0% (0/15)
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| |-
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| | [[GATA3]]
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| | 0% (0/12)
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| | 93% (14/15)
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| |-
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| | Uroplakin III
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| | 0% (0/12)
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| | 67% (10/15)
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| |-
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| | S100P
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| | 8% (1/12)
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| | 93% (14/15)
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| |}
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| An another study from Egypt looks at CK7 and CK20 which is widely available:<ref name=pmid25643514>{{Cite journal | last1 = Hammam | first1 = O. | last2 = Wishahiz | first2 = M. | last3 = Khalil | first3 = H. | last4 = El Ganzouri | first4 = H. | last5 = Badawy | first5 = M. | last6 = Elkhquly | first6 = A. | last7 = Elesaily | first7 = K. | title = Expression of cytokeratin 7, 20, 14 in urothelial carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the Egyprian urinary bladder cancer. | journal = J Egypt Soc Parasitol | volume = 44 | issue = 3 | pages = 733-40 | month = Dec | year = 2014 | doi = | PMID = 25643514 }}</ref>
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| {| class="wikitable sortable"
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| ! Immunostain
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| ! SCC
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| ! UCC
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| |-
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| | CK7
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| | 0% (0/50)
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| | 80% (120/150)
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| |-
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| | CK20
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| | 0% (0/50)
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| | 70% (105/120)
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| |}
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| ==Sign out==
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| In areas not endemic for ''S. haematobium'', reports of biopsies should raise the possibility of UCC with squamous differentiation and metastasis.
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| ==See also==
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| *[[Urinary bladder]].
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| *[[Squamous cell carcinoma]].
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{Reflist|1}} | | {{Reflist|1}} |
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| [[Category:Diagnosis]] | | ==External links== |
| [[Category:Genitourinary pathology]] | | *[https://www.nordiqc.org/epitope.php?id=5 CD30 (nordiqc.org)]. |
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| | [[Category:Immunohistochemistry]] |