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Libre Pathology - New pages [en]
2024-03-28T19:06:43Z
From Libre Pathology
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https://librepathology.org/wiki/Glycoprotein_non-metastatic_B
Glycoprotein non-metastatic B
2024-03-26T13:26:11Z
<p>Michael: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Glycoprotein non-metastatic B''', abbreviated '''GPNMB''', is an [[immunostain]].<br />
<br />
It is typically positive in TSC1/TSC2/MTOR mutated renal cell carcinomas.<ref name=pmid37661807>{{cite journal |authors=Li H, Argani P, Halper-Stromberg E, Lotan TL, Merino MJ, Reuter VE, Matoso A |title=Positive GPNMB Immunostaining Differentiates Renal Cell Carcinoma With Fibromyomatous Stroma Associated With TSC1/2/MTOR Alterations From Others |journal=Am J Surg Pathol |volume=47 |issue=11 |pages=1267–1273 |date=November 2023 |pmid=37661807 |doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000002117 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Positive==<br />
*[[Angiomyolipoma]].<br />
*[[TFE3-rearranged renal cell carcinoma]].<br />
*[[TFEB-rearranged renal cell carcinoma]].<br />
*[[Low-grade oncocytic tumour]] (LOT).<br />
*[[PEComa]].<br />
*[[Renal cell carcinoma with fibromyomatous stroma]].<br />
<br />
Others:<br />
*[[Leiomyosarcoma]].{{fact}}<br />
<br />
==Negative==<br />
*[[Clear cell renal cell carcinoma]].<br />
*[[Papillary renal cell carcinoma]].<br />
*[[Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma]].<br />
*[[Clear cell papillary renal cell tumour]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|1}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Immunohistochemistry]]</div>
Michael
https://librepathology.org/wiki/Perinephric_myxoid_pseudotumour_of_fat
Perinephric myxoid pseudotumour of fat
2024-03-26T12:44:58Z
<p>Michael: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Perinephric myxoid pseudotumour of fat''', abbreviated '''PMPF''', is a rare lesion found around the [[kidney]].<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Dashti NK, Fritchie KJ, Folpe AL |title=Perinephric myxoid pseudotumor of fat: a distinctive pseudoneoplasm most often associated with non-neoplastic renal disease |journal=Hum Pathol |volume=87 |issue= |pages=37–43 |date=May 2019 |pmid=30826321 |doi=10.1016/j.humpath.2019.02.005 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==General==<br />
*Often elderly male.<br />
*Non-tumour kidney - typically [[medical kidney disease]].<br />
*Good outcome.<br />
*Typically an incidental finding.<br />
<br />
==Microscopic==<br />
Features:<br />
*Myxoid background.<br />
*Mature fat without significant atypia.<br />
*Perivascular hyalinization.<br />
*Fibrosis.<br />
<br />
DDx:<br />
*[[Angiomyolipoma]]<br />
*[[IgG4-related disease]].<br />
*[[Myelolipoma]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|1}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Diagnosis]]</div>
Michael
https://librepathology.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_bleeding
Gastrointestinal bleeding
2024-03-25T23:53:36Z
<p>Michael: Created page with "'''Gastrointestinal bleeding''', also '''gastrointestinal bleed''', is bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract. It is generally divided into: *Lower GI bleed. *Upper G..."</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Gastrointestinal bleeding''', also '''gastrointestinal bleed''', is bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract.<br />
<br />
It is generally divided into:<br />
*[[Lower GI bleed]].<br />
*[[Upper GI bleed]].<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Clinical]]<br />
[[Category:Gastrointestinal pathology]]</div>
Michael
https://librepathology.org/wiki/Renal_neoplasms_with_TSC/mTOR_mutations
Renal neoplasms with TSC/mTOR mutations
2024-03-20T04:04:18Z
<p>Michael: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Renal neoplasms with TSC/mTOR pathway mutations''' is a diverse group of [[kidney tumours]].<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Kapur P, Brugarolas J, Trpkov K |title=Recent Advances in Renal Tumors with TSC/mTOR Pathway Abnormalities in Patients with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and in the Sporadic Setting |journal=Cancers (Basel) |volume=15 |issue=16 |pages= |date=August 2023 |pmid=37627070 |pmc=10452688 |doi=10.3390/cancers15164043 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
Kidney tumours with TSC/mTOR mutations:<br />
*[[Renal cell carcinoma with fibromyomatous stroma]].<ref name=pmid37899532>{{cite journal |authors=Shah RB, Mehra R |title=Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated With TSC/MTOR Genomic Alterations: An Update on its Expanding Spectrum and an Approach to Clinicopathologic Work-up |journal=Adv Anat Pathol |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=105–117 |date=March 2024 |pmid=37899532 |doi=10.1097/PAP.0000000000000419 |url=}}</ref><br />
*[[Eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma]].<ref name=pmid35203531>{{cite journal |authors=Pivovarcikova K, Alaghehbandan R, Vanecek T, Ohashi R, Pitra T, Hes O |title=TSC/mTOR Pathway Mutation Associated Eosinophilic/Oncocytic Renal Neoplasms: A Heterogeneous Group of Tumors with Distinct Morphology, Immunohistochemical Profile, and Similar Genetic Background |journal=Biomedicines |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages= |date=January 2022 |pmid=35203531 |pmc=8869370 |doi=10.3390/biomedicines10020322 |url=}}</ref><br />
*[[Eosinophilic vacuolated tumour]].<ref name=pmid35203531/> <br />
*[[Low-grade oncocytic tumour]].<ref name=pmid35203531/><br />
<br />
Mnemonic: ''REEL''.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Everolimus]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Genitourinary pathology]]</div>
Michael
https://librepathology.org/wiki/Renal_cell_carcinoma_with_fibromyomatous_stroma
Renal cell carcinoma with fibromyomatous stroma
2024-03-20T00:30:18Z
<p>Michael: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Renal cell carcinoma with fibromyomatous stroma''', abbreviated '''RCC FMS''', is an evolving subtype of [[renal cell carcinoma]].<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Trpkov K, Williamson SR, Gill AJ, Adeniran AJ, Agaimy A, Alaghehbandan R, Amin MB, Argani P, Chen YB, Cheng L, Epstein JI, Cheville JC, Comperat E, da Cunha IW, Gordetsky JB, Gupta S, He H, Hirsch MS, Humphrey PA, Kapur P, Kojima F, Lopez JI, Maclean F, Magi-Galluzzi C, McKenney JK, Mehra R, Menon S, Netto GJ, Przybycin CG, Rao P, Rao Q, Reuter VE, Saleeb RM, Shah RB, Smith SC, Tickoo S, Tretiakova MS, True L, Verkarre V, Wobker SE, Zhou M, Hes O |title=Novel, emerging and provisional renal entities: The Genitourinary Pathology Society (GUPS) update on renal neoplasia |journal=Mod Pathol |volume=34 |issue=6 |pages=1167–1184 |date=June 2021 |pmid=33526874 |doi=10.1038/s41379-021-00737-6 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
''Renal cell carcinoma with leiomyomatous stroma'' redirects here.<br />
<br />
==General==<br />
*Rare tumour: 12 in >500 renal cell carcinomas with clear cells.<ref name=pmid36592877/><br />
<br />
==Microscopic==<br />
Features:<ref name=pmid36592877>{{cite journal |authors=Tjota MY, Sharma A, Wanjari P, Fitzpatrick C, Segal J, Antic T |title=TSC/MTOR mutated renal cell carcinoma with leiomyomatous stroma is a distinct entity: a comprehensive study of 12 cases |journal=Hum Pathol |volume=134 |issue= |pages=124–133 |date=April 2023 |pmid=36592877 |doi=10.1016/j.humpath.2022.12.015 |url=}}</ref><br />
*Fibromyomatous stroma (smooth muscle stroma) - '''key feature'''.<br />
*Varied architecture: nested, solid, tubular, tubulopapillary. <br />
*WHO/ISUP grade 3 or 4.<br />
*Nuclei ''not'' polarized in the cell.<br />
<br />
DDx:<br />
*[[Clear cell renal cell carcinoma]].<br />
*[[ELOC-mutated renal cell carcinoma]].<br />
*[[Clear cell papillary renal cell tumour]].<br />
<br />
==IHC==<br />
Features:<ref name=pmid36592877/><br />
*CD10 +ve.<br />
*CK7 +ve (most).<br />
*CA9 +ve.<br />
<br />
===Comparison between some renal tumours with clear cells===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" <br />
!Tumour <br />
!CK7<br />
!CD10<br />
!CK34betaE12 (K903)<br />
![[GPNMB]]<br />
|-<br />
|Clear cell renal cell carcinoma <br />
| -ve (may be focal)<br />
| +ve<br />
| -ve<br />
| usu. -ve <br />
|-<br />
|Clear cell papillary renal cell tumour <br />
| +ve (diffuse)<br />
| -ve<br />
| +ve<br />
| -ve<ref name=pmid37661807>{{cite journal |authors=Li H, Argani P, Halper-Stromberg E, Lotan TL, Merino MJ, Reuter VE, Matoso A |title=Positive GPNMB Immunostaining Differentiates Renal Cell Carcinoma With Fibromyomatous Stroma Associated With TSC1/2/MTOR Alterations From Others |journal=Am J Surg Pathol |volume=47 |issue=11 |pages=1267–1273 |date=November 2023 |pmid=37661807 |doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000002117 |url=}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|ELOC-mutated renal cell carcinoma <br />
| +ve<br />
| +ve<br />
| -ve<br />
| -ve<br />
|-<br />
|Renal cell carcinoma with fibromyomatous stroma<br />
| +ve<br />
| +ve<br />
| -ve<br />
| +ve<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
==Molecular==<br />
*[[Renal neoplasms with TSC/mTOR pathway mutations|TSC/mTOR pathway mutation]].<ref name=pmid36592877/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Renal cell carcinoma]].<br />
*[[Clear cells in the kidney]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|1}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Genitourinary pathology]]<br />
[[Category:Diagnosis]]</div>
Michael
https://librepathology.org/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptors
Fibroblast growth factor receptors
2024-03-08T16:17:42Z
<p>Michael: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Fibroblast growth factor receptor''', abbreviated '''FGFR''', a molecule that transmit growth signals for fibroblasts.<br />
''FGFR2'' and ''FGFR3'' redirect here.<br />
<br />
An anti-FGFR therapy exists (''erdafitinib'').<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Sheth H, Limaye S, Kumar P, Shreenivas A |title=Sustained response on sequential anti-FGFR therapy in metastatic gall bladder cancer: a case report and literature review |journal=J Cancer Res Clin Oncol |volume=149 |issue=8 |pages=4915–4923 |date=July 2023 |pmid=36307559 |doi=10.1007/s00432-022-04428-w |url=}}</ref><ref name=pmid33731335>{{cite journal |vauthors=Al-Obaidy KI, Cheng L |title=Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene: pathogenesis and treatment implications in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder |journal=J Clin Pathol |volume=74 |issue=8 |pages=491–495 |date=August 2021 |pmid=33731335 |doi=10.1136/jclinpath-2020-207115 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Anti-FGFR therapy== <br />
It is used in:<br />
*[[Urothelial carcinoma]].<ref name=pmid33731335/><br />
*Hepatobiliary cancers.{{fact}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Classification of urothelial carcinoma by immunohistochemistry]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|1}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Molecular pathology]]</div>
Michael
https://librepathology.org/wiki/Dihydropyrimidine_dehydrogenase_deficiency
Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency
2024-02-23T16:06:36Z
<p>Michael: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency''', abbreviated '''DPD''', is an enzyme deficiency that is associated with toxicity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Ezzeldin H, Diasio R |title=Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency, a pharmacogenetic syndrome associated with potentially life-threatening toxicity following 5-fluorouracil administration |journal=Clin Colorectal Cancer |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=181–9 |date=September 2004 |pmid=15377401 |doi=10.3816/ccc.2004.n.018 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Colorectal carcinoma]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|1}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Clinical]]</div>
Michael
https://librepathology.org/wiki/Lung_cancer_after_neoadjuvant_therapy
Lung cancer after neoadjuvant therapy
2024-02-21T19:35:12Z
<p>Michael: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Creating Lung cancer after neoadjuvant therapy''' is assessed using a consensus protocol.<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Travis WD, Dacic S, Wistuba I, Sholl L, Adusumilli P, Bubendorf L, Bunn P, Cascone T, Chaft J, Chen G, Chou TY, Cooper W, Erasmus JJ, Ferreira CG, Goo JM, Heymach J, Hirsch FR, Horinouchi H, Kerr K, Kris M, Jain D, Kim YT, Lopez-Rios F, Lu S, Mitsudomi T, Moreira A, Motoi N, Nicholson AG, Oliveira R, Papotti M, Pastorino U, Paz-Ares L, Pelosi G, Poleri C, Provencio M, Roden AC, Scagliotti G, Swisher SG, Thunnissen E, Tsao MS, Vansteenkiste J, Weder W, Yatabe Y |title=IASLC Multidisciplinary Recommendations for Pathologic Assessment of Lung Cancer Resection Specimens After Neoadjuvant Therapy |journal=J Thorac Oncol |volume=15 |issue=5 |pages=709–740 |date=May 2020 |pmid=32004713 |pmc=8173999 |doi=10.1016/j.jtho.2020.01.005 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Major pathologic response==<br />
:<math>V ={ {T} \over {B} } \times 100 \%</math><br />
<br />
Where:<br />
:V = percent viable tumour.<br />
:T = tumour area.<br />
:B = tumour bed area.<br />
<br />
<br />
Major pathologic response is defined as: V <=10%.<br />
==Sign out==<br />
<pre><br />
At cut-up the tumour bed was estimated at 5.0 cm. The residual cancer's size is estimated as 1.5 cm (based on a linear measurement of the tumour on slide D15-D16). <br />
<br />
The estimated viable tumour was assessed in slides D14-D17 and was determined to be: 30%. The estimated viable tumour EXCEEDS the cut-off value (<=10%); thus, the specimen is NEGATIVE for a major pathologic response.[1] <br />
<br />
1. J Thorac Oncol. 2020 May;15(5):709-740. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.01.005 <br />
</pre><br />
<br />
===At cut-off value for major pathology response===<br />
<pre><br />
The estimated viable tumour was assessed in slides C10-C13 and was determined to be: 10%. The estimated viable tumour is at the cut-off (<=10%) for major pathologic response.[1] Additional sections of the tumour bed are negative; thus, a major pathologic response is favoured.<br />
<br />
1. J Thorac Oncol. 2020 May;15(5):709-740. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.01.005 <br />
</pre><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Neoadjuvant therapy]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|1}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Pulmonary pathology]]</div>
Michael
https://librepathology.org/wiki/Clear_cells_in_the_kidney
Clear cells in the kidney
2024-01-22T16:25:49Z
<p>Michael: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image: Benign clear cell clusters in the kidney -- intermed mag.jpg | thumb | [[Benign clear cell clusters of the kidney]] - a mimic of renal cell carcinoma. [[H&E stain]].]]<br />
[[Image: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma - 2 -- high mag.jpg | thumb | [[Clear cell renal cell carcinoma]] - the classic RCC with clear cells. [[H&E stain]].]]<br />
'''Clear cells in the kidney''' are commonly seen in [[kidney tumours|tumours]] and occasionally are seen in benign lesions.<br />
<br />
''RCC with clear cells'' redirects to here.<br />
<br />
Recognized kidney tumours with clear cells or pale cytoplasm:<br />
*[[Clear cell renal cell carcinoma]].<br />
*[[Clear cell papillary renal cell tumour]] (previously [[clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma]]).<br />
*[[ELOC-mutated renal cell carcinoma]].<br />
*[[Xp11.2 translocation carcinoma]].<br />
*[[Epithelioid angiomyolipoma]].{{fact}}<br />
*[[Multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential]].<br />
*[[Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma]] - not really "clear" cells.<br />
<br />
Evolving entities:<br />
*[[Melanotic Xp11 translocation renal cancer]].<br />
*[[Tuberous sclerosis-associated renal cell carcinoma]].<br />
*[[Renal cell carcinoma with fibromyomatous stroma]].<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Shah RB, Mehra R |title=Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated With TSC/MTOR Genomic Alterations: An Update on its Expanding Spectrum and an Approach to Clinicopathologic Work-up |journal=Adv Anat Pathol |volume= |issue= |pages= |date=October 2023 |pmid=37899532 |doi=10.1097/PAP.0000000000000419 |url=}}</ref><ref name=pmid36592877>{{cite journal |authors=Tjota MY, Sharma A, Wanjari P, Fitzpatrick C, Segal J, Antic T |title=TSC/MTOR mutated renal cell carcinoma with leiomyomatous stroma is a distinct entity: a comprehensive study of 12 cases |journal=Hum Pathol |volume=134 |issue= |pages=124–133 |date=April 2023 |pmid=36592877 |doi=10.1016/j.humpath.2022.12.015 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
Benign things:<br />
*[[Benign cortical cyst of the kidney]].<br />
*[[Benign clear cell clusters of the kidney]].<br />
*[[Adrenal gland]] cortex - biopsy of wrong anatomical site.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Clear cell tumours]].<br />
*[[Clear cell carcinoma]].<br />
*[[Renal tumours with eosinophilic cytoplasm]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|1}}<br />
<br />
[[Category: Genitourinary pathology]]</div>
Michael
https://librepathology.org/wiki/Intimal_sarcoma
Intimal sarcoma
2024-01-18T17:14:38Z
<p>Michael: create</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Intimal sarcoma''' a very rare [[cancer]] arising from the cells that line [[blood vessel]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Hieu NL, Tu VN, Hoan L, Hai HB, Luu DT, Cuong NN, Tra My TT, Minh TN, Manh PT |title=A case report of primary pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma |journal=Radiol Case Rep |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=1986–1990 |date=June 2022 |pmid=35432686 |pmc=9010888 |doi=10.1016/j.radcr.2022.03.052 |url=}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==General==<br />
*May present as [[pulmonary embolism]].<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Qin J, Ng CS, He P, Lin X, Lin X, Hou P |title=Pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma - A primeval or rediscovered tumor? A report of 14 new cases with literature review |journal=Pathol Res Pract |volume=224 |issue= |pages=153548 |date=August 2021 |pmid=34280751 |doi=10.1016/j.prp.2021.153548 |url=}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Vascular tumours]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|1}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Diagnosis]]</div>
Michael