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Jensflorian (talk | contribs) (→Wallerian degeneration: update) |
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*Axon = green. | *Axon = green. | ||
*Myelin = red. | *Myelin = red. | ||
Toluidine blue staion: | |||
*Plastic embedded semithin sections (1µm). | |||
===Artifacts=== | |||
*Myelin splits: stretching. | |||
*Neurokeratin: Formalin fixation (longitudinal: "herringbone", cross section: "wagon-wheels"). | |||
*Dark staining myelin: crushing. | |||
*Pale expanding myelin sheets: delayed fixation. | |||
*Uneven myelin staining: osmication problems. | |||
*Shrunken crescentic fascicles: Hyperosmolarity. | |||
===Reactive changes=== | ===Reactive changes=== | ||
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File:Onion bulb formation HMSN.jpg | Onion bulbs in HSMN type I. | File:Onion bulb formation HMSN.jpg | Onion bulbs in HSMN type I. | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
===Regeneration=== | |||
*Axon sprouts (regenerating clusters): Three or more closely apposed myelinated axons. | |||
*Thin myelin sheaths. | |||
===Inflammation=== | ===Inflammation=== | ||
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*[[Leprosy]] (Leprous neuropathy). | *[[Leprosy]] (Leprous neuropathy). | ||
*[[Sarcoidosis]]. | *[[Sarcoidosis]]. | ||
*CMV neuritis in immuncompromised patients. | *CMV neuritis in immuncompromised patients. | ||
*[[Vasculitis]]. | *[[Vasculitis]]. | ||
*Neuropathy with macrophage-induced demyelination (CIDP, GBS). | |||
====Guillain–Barré syndrome==== | |||
*Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) | |||
*Preceding infection (RSV, EBV, CMV, HIV, Mycoplasma). | |||
*Monophasic course of motor / sensory deficits. | |||
*Hours to 4 weeks. | |||
*Elevated CSF protein but normal cell count. | |||
*Mononuclear ednoneurial perivascular inflammatory infiltrate (mostly CD4+ve). | |||
*Destructive myelin stripping by macrophages. | |||
*Reduced fiber density. | |||
*Uncompacted myelin / Widely spaced myelin. | |||
====Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)==== | |||
*Progredient course longer than 8 weeks.<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case426.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case426.html]. Accessed on: 14 | |||
November 2010.</ref> | |||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
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===Other Diseases=== | ===Other Diseases=== | ||
*Toxic polyneuropathy (drug toxicity).<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case173.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case173.html]. Accessed on: 8 January 2012.</ref> | *Toxic polyneuropathy (drug toxicity).<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case173.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case173.html]. Accessed on: 8 January 2012.</ref> | ||
*Polyglucosan body disease. | |||
===Neoplasms=== | ===Neoplasms=== |