Difference between revisions of "Small round cell tumours"
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It is a group of tumours that is seen more often in childhood than adulthood. | It is a group of tumours that is seen more often in childhood than adulthood. | ||
DDx:<ref>URL: [http://www.thedoctorsdoctor.com/diseases/small_round_blue_cell_tumor.htm http://www.thedoctorsdoctor.com/diseases/small_round_blue_cell_tumor.htm]. Accessed on: 2 July 2010.</ref> | DDx:<ref>URL: [http://www.thedoctorsdoctor.com/diseases/small_round_blue_cell_tumor.htm http://www.thedoctorsdoctor.com/diseases/small_round_blue_cell_tumor.htm]. Accessed on: 2 July 2010.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Chen QR, Vansant G, Oades K, ''et al.'' |title=Diagnosis of the small round blue cell tumors using multiplex polymerase chain reaction |journal=J Mol Diagn |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=80–8 |year=2007 |month=February |pmid=17251339 |pmc=1867426 |doi=10.2353/jmoldx.2007.060111 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Neuroblastoma]]. | *[[Neuroblastoma]]. | ||
*[[Wilms tumour]] ([[AKA]] nephroblastoma). | *[[Wilms tumour]] ([[AKA]] nephroblastoma). | ||
*Alveolar [[rhabdomyosarcoma]]. | *Alveolar [[rhabdomyosarcoma]]. | ||
*[[Ewing sarcoma]]/PNET - this entity is dealt with in the ''[[bone tumours]]'' article. | *[[Ewing sarcoma]]/PNET - this entity is dealt with in the ''[[bone tumours]]'' article. | ||
*[[Lymphoma]] - large cell lymphomas | *[[Lymphoma]] - non-Hogkin's lymphoma, usu. large cell lymphomas (e.g. [[diffuse large B cell lymphoma]], anaplastic large cell lymphoma), Burkitt's lymphoma. | ||
*[[Retinoblastoma]]. | *[[Retinoblastoma]]. | ||
*[[Liver neoplasms|Hepatoblastoma]]. | *[[Liver neoplasms|Hepatoblastoma]]. | ||
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| PAS+/PASD-, CD99 diffuse membranous | | PAS+/PASD-, CD99 diffuse membranous | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma | ||
| rhabdomyocytes (eosinophilic cytoplasm +/-cross striations (uncommon), eccentric nucleus) | | rhabdomyocytes (eosinophilic cytoplasm +/-cross striations (uncommon), eccentric nucleus) | ||
| adolescents, young adults; often mets at presentation | | adolescents, young adults; often mets at presentation | ||
| "DAM" = desmin, actin, myogenin | | "DAM" = desmin, actin, myogenin | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma | ||
| rhabdomyocytes (elongated/cigar-shaped cells, eosinophilic cytoplasm +/-cross striations, eccentric nucleus), nests with rounded border | | rhabdomyocytes (elongated/cigar-shaped cells, eosinophilic cytoplasm +/-cross striations, eccentric nucleus), nests with rounded border | ||
| <10 years old; usu. localized | | <10 years old; usu. localized | ||
| Line 82: | Line 82: | ||
| synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56, keratins | | synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56, keratins | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Lymphoma]] | | [[Lymphoma]], non-Hogkin's, usu. large cell | ||
| dyscohesive cells, ~2x normal (resting) lymphocyte, nucleolus | | dyscohesive cells, usu. ~2x normal (resting) lymphocyte, usu. nucleolus | ||
| lymphadenopathy (???) | | lymphadenopathy (???) | ||
| CD45 | | CD45 | ||
Revision as of 21:18, 28 February 2011
Small round cell tumours (SRCT), also small round blue cell tumours (SRBCT), are a group of tumours that have a similar histologic appearance.
It is a group of tumours that is seen more often in childhood than adulthood.
- Neuroblastoma.
- Wilms tumour (AKA nephroblastoma).
- Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.
- Ewing sarcoma/PNET - this entity is dealt with in the bone tumours article.
- Lymphoma - non-Hogkin's lymphoma, usu. large cell lymphomas (e.g. diffuse large B cell lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma), Burkitt's lymphoma.
- Retinoblastoma.
- Hepatoblastoma.
- Desmoplastic small round cell tumour (DSRCT).
Memory device: 4 -blastoma (hepato-, neuro-, nephro-, retino-), PNET/Ewing sarcoma (medulloblastoma), DSRCT, lymphoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.
Microscopic
Features:
- Sheets of cells, very cellular.
- Small cells ~ 2X RBC diameter.
- Scant cytoplasm.
- Coarse chromatin.
- +/-Nucleolus. (???)
- +/-Vascular.
Tabular comparison
Adapted from Thorner:[3]
| Tumour | Key histologic features | History | Key IHC / special stains |
| Hepatoblastoma | fetal hepatocytes (~ 1:3 NC ratio, eosinophilic cytoplasm) | liver lesion, usu. < 3 years old | AFP |
| Neuroblastoma | nests, thin fibrovascular septae, lymphocytes, ganglion-like cells (prominent nucleolus), neurophil (eosinophilic, fluffy, finely vacuolated) | adrenal gland, sympathetic chain; usu. < 3 years old | NB-84+, NSE+, S100- |
| Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumour) | triphasic - (1) blue cells (blastema), (2) spindle cells (stroma), (3) tubular structures (epithelial) | kidney lesion, various syndromes | WT-1+ |
| Retinoblastoma | Flexner-Wintersteiner rosette (rosette with empty centre (donut hole))[4] | eye lesion; +/-RB1 gene mutations (familial) | |
| Medulloblastoma | Homer-Wright rosettes (rosette with a meshwork of fibers (neuropil) at the centre)[4] | +/-nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome | |
| Ewing sarcoma/PNET | clear cytoplasm (glycogen) | bone lesion, adolescents | PAS+/PASD-, CD99 diffuse membranous |
| Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma | rhabdomyocytes (eosinophilic cytoplasm +/-cross striations (uncommon), eccentric nucleus) | adolescents, young adults; often mets at presentation | "DAM" = desmin, actin, myogenin |
| Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma | rhabdomyocytes (elongated/cigar-shaped cells, eosinophilic cytoplasm +/-cross striations, eccentric nucleus), nests with rounded border | <10 years old; usu. localized | "DAM" = desmin, actin, myogenin |
| Desmoplastic small round cell tumour (DSRCT) | nests with "jigsaw" border | peritoneum (abdomen or plevis); male > female; locally invasive | keratin+, EMA+, desmin+ !!! |
| Small cell carcinoma | stippled chromatin, nuclear moulding | adults, smokers | synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56, keratins |
| Lymphoma, non-Hogkin's, usu. large cell | dyscohesive cells, usu. ~2x normal (resting) lymphocyte, usu. nucleolus | lymphadenopathy (???) | CD45 |
See also
References
- ↑ URL: http://www.thedoctorsdoctor.com/diseases/small_round_blue_cell_tumor.htm. Accessed on: 2 July 2010.
- ↑ Chen QR, Vansant G, Oades K, et al. (February 2007). "Diagnosis of the small round blue cell tumors using multiplex polymerase chain reaction". J Mol Diagn 9 (1): 80–8. doi:10.2353/jmoldx.2007.060111. PMC 1867426. PMID 17251339. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1867426/.
- ↑ PST. 14 February 2011.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Wippold FJ, Perry A (March 2006). "Neuropathology for the neuroradiologist: rosettes and pseudorosettes". AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27 (3): 488–92. PMID 16551982.