Renal oncocytoma

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Renal oncocytoma
Diagnosis in short

Renal oncocytoma (left of image) and normal kidney (right of image). Kidney biopsy. H&E stain.
LM abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm - slightly granular, cells arranged in nests, nuclei uniform and round without significant pleomorphism
LM DDx chromophobe renal cell carcinoma eosinophilic variant, clear cell renal cell carcinoma eosinophilic variant, papillary renal cell carcinoma oncocytic variant, tubulocystic carcinoma of the kidney, other renal tumours with eosinophilic cytoplasm, benign liver
Stains Hale's colloidal iron -ve
IHC CK7 -ve/cytoplasmic +ve, CD117 +ve, PAX8 +ve
EM abundant mitochondria
Gross mass, mahogany brown +/- central scar
Grossing notes partial nephrectomy grossing, total nephrectomy for tumour grossing
Site kidney - see kidney tumours
Clinical history often incidentally discovered mass
Radiology renal mass with central scar (classic)
Prognosis benign
Clin. DDx other kidney tumours

Renal oncocytoma is a benign kidney tumour that is removed to exclude malignancy.

General

  • Can be difficult to distinguish radiologically from RCC (chromophobe subtype).
    • ... and pathologists occasionally struggle like the radiologists.
  • Benign tumour - the reason it is excised is... one cannot be certain it isn't a RCC.
  • May be seen in the context of renal oncocytosis.[1]

Gross

  • Mass, mahogany brown.
    • Well circumscribed.
    • 1/3 have a characteristic central scar.[2]

Image

  • Renal oncocytoma with central scar. (WP)

Microscopic

Features:

  • Eosinophilic cytoplasm - slightly granular key feature.
  • Cells arranged in nests.
  • Nuclei uniform and round.[2]
    • Slightly enlarged nuclei, but no significant pleomorphism (size variation) - important.

Notes:

  • May look like eosinophilic variant of chromophobe RCC -- this is the main DDx.
  • May have - according to Trpkov et al.:[3]
    • Vascular invasion ~4% of cases.
    • Chromophobe-like foci (<5% of neoplasm) ~12% of cases.
    • Focal clear cell changes ~15% of cases.
    • Hemorrhage.

DDx:

Images

Case 1

  • Oncocytoma. (WC/KGH)

  • Oncocytoma. (WC/KGH)

  • Oncocytoma. (WC/KGH)

Case 2

  • Oncocytoma - high mag. (WC/Nephron)

  • Oncocytoma - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)

  • Oncocytoma - low mag. (WC/Nephron)

Case 3

  • Oncocytoma - low mag. (WC/Nephron)

  • Oncocytoma - low mag. (WC/Nephron)

  • Oncocytoma - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)

  • Oncocytoma - high mag. (WC/Nephron)

Stains

IHC

Others:

  • CD10 -ve/+ve.
  • Amylase α-1A +ve.[8]
  • PAX2 +ve.[9]
    • Oncocytoma 20 of 23 +ve versus ChRCC 1 of 11 +ve.
  • AMACR -ve.[10]
  • Vimentin -ve.[10]

A panel:

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Biopsy

Kidney Mass, Left, Core Biopsy:
- Renal tumour with oncocytic cytoplasm, favour oncocytoma.

COMMENT:
The tumour is stains as follows:
POSITIVE: CD117.
NEGATIVE: Hale's colloidal iron, CK7.

Block letters

KIDNEY MASS, RIGHT, CORE BIOPSY:
- RENAL TUMOUR WITH ONCOCYTIC CYTOPLASM, FAVOUR ONCOCYTOMA.

COMMENT:
The tumour is CK7 negative and Hale's colloidal iron negative.

Micro

The sections show a tumour with cells arranged in nests. The tumour cells have abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The tumour cell nuclei are predominantly round. No perinuclear halos are apparent. Binucleation is not common. No zonal necrosis is identified. Focally, tumour nests are spaced reminiscent of an archipelago. Mitoses are not apparent. The tumour is moderately circumscribed.

A small amount of renal parenchyma is present. No definite glomeruli are identified. No significant interstitial fibrosis is present. No inflammation is apparent.

Resection

PORTION OF KIDNEY, LEFT, PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY:
- ONCOCYTOMA.

COMMENT:
The tumour is CK7 negative and Hale's colloidal iron negative.

Micro

The sections show a tumour with cells arranged in nests. The tumour cells have abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The tumour cell nuclei are round and have round nucleoli. No perinuclear halos are apparent. Binucleation is not common. No zonal necrosis is identified. Focally, tumour nests are spaced reminiscent of an archipelago. Mitoses are not apparent. The tumour is moderately circumscribed and is completely excised in the planes of section.

The thin rim of renal parenchyma has no apparent glomerular pathology on the H&E stained sections. Mild-to-moderate atherosclerosis is present. Mild arteriolar hyalinization is identified.

The Hale's colloidal iron stain is negative in the tumour. A CK7 immunostain has very rare positive cells within the tumour; this is interpreted overall as negative.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Kuroda, N.; Tanaka, A.; Ohe, C.; Mikami, S.; Nagashima, Y.; Sasaki, T.; Inoue, K.; Hes, O. et al. (Nov 2012). "Review of renal oncocytosis (multiple oncocytic lesions) with focus on clinical and pathobiological aspects.". Histol Histopathol 27 (11): 1407-12. PMID 23018240.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Zhou, Ming; Magi-Galluzzi, Cristina (2006). Genitourinary Pathology: A Volume in Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology Series (1st ed.). Churchill Livingstone. pp. 302. ISBN 978-0443066771.
  3. ↑ Trpkov, K.; Yilmaz, A.; Uzer, D.; Dishongh, KM.; Quick, CM.; Bismar, TA.; Gokden, N. (Dec 2010). "Renal oncocytoma revisited: a clinicopathological study of 109 cases with emphasis on problematic diagnostic features.". Histopathology 57 (6): 893-906. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03726.x. PMID 21166703.
  4. ↑ Liu, L.; Qian, J.; Singh, H.; Meiers, I.; Zhou, X.; Bostwick, DG. (Aug 2007). "Immunohistochemical analysis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, renal oncocytoma, and clear cell carcinoma: an optimal and practical panel for differential diagnosis.". Arch Pathol Lab Med 131 (8): 1290-7. doi:10.1043/1543-2165(2007)131[1290:IAOCRC]2.0.CO;2. PMID 17683191.
  5. ↑ Adley, BP.; Papavero, V.; Sugimura, J.; Teh, BT.; Yang, XJ. (Aug 2006). "Diagnostic value of cytokeratin 7 and parvalbumin in differentiating chromophobe renal cell carcinoma from renal oncocytoma.". Anal Quant Cytol Histol 28 (4): 228-36. PMID 16927643.
  6. ↑ Hu, Y.; Hartmann, A.; Stoehr, C.; Zhang, S.; Wang, M.; Tacha, D.; Montironi, R.; Lopez-Beltran, A. et al. (Mar 2012). "PAX8 is expressed in the majority of renal epithelial neoplasms: an immunohistochemical study of 223 cases using a mouse monoclonal antibody.". J Clin Pathol 65 (3): 254-6. doi:10.1136/jclinpath-2011-200508. PMID 22135028.
  7. ↑ Krüger, S.; Sotlar, K.; Kausch, I.; Horny, HP. (2005). "Expression of KIT (CD117) in renal cell carcinoma and renal oncocytoma.". Oncology 68 (2-3): 269-75. doi:10.1159/000086783. PMID 16015044.
  8. ↑ Jain, S.; Roy, S.; Amin, M.; Acquafondata, M.; Yin, M.; Laframboise, W.; Bastacky, S.; Pantanowitz, L. et al. (Dec 2013). "Amylase α-1A (AMY1A): A Novel Immunohistochemical Marker to Differentiate Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma From Benign Oncocytoma.". Am J Surg Pathol 37 (12): 1824-30. doi:10.1097/PAS.0000000000000108. PMID 24225843.
  9. ↑ Memeo L, Jhang J, Assaad AM, et al. (February 2007). "Immunohistochemical analysis for cytokeratin 7, KIT, and PAX2: value in the differential diagnosis of chromophobe cell carcinoma". Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 127 (2): 225–9. doi:10.1309/9KWEA4W9Y94D1AEE. PMID 17210525. http://ajcp.ascpjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17210525.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lüders, C.; Kristiansen, G. (Mar 2016). "[Oncocytoma versus chromophobe renal cell carcinoma : Is there something in between?].". Pathologe 37 (2): 153-8. doi:10.1007/s00292-016-0145-0. PMID 26925847.
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