Difference between revisions of "Renal failure"

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[[Image:Diabetic glomerulosclerosis (1) HE.jpg|thumb|right|[[Nodular glomerulosclerosis]] in diabetes, a common cause of chronic renal failure. [[H&E stain]]. (WC/KGH)]]
'''Renal failure''', also '''kidney failure''', is dysfunction of the kidneys.
'''Renal failure''', also '''kidney failure''', is dysfunction of the kidneys.


It can be subdivided in a number of different ways:
It can be subdivided in a number of different ways.


==Acutity==
==Acutity==
*Chronic renal failure.
*Acute kidney injury (abbreviated ''AKI'') - previously ''acute renal failure'' (abbreviated ''ARF'').
*Acute renal failure.
*Chronic renal failure (CRF).
 
===Acute kidney injury===
*[[Acute tubular necrosis]].
*Acute cardiac failure, e.g. [[myocardial infarction]].
*[[Cholesterol embolism]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Saric M, Kronzon I |title=Cholesterol embolization syndrome |journal=Curr. Opin. Cardiol. |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=472–9 |year=2011 |month=November |pmid=21993354 |doi=10.1097/HCO.0b013e32834b7fdd |url=}}</ref>
*[[Hepatorenal syndrome]].
 
===Chronic renal failure===
*[[Diabetic nephropathy]] ([[diabetes mellitus]]).
*[[IgA nephropathy]].
*[[Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease]].
*[[Lupus nephritis]] ([[systemic lupus erythematosus]]).
*[[Wegener's granulomatosis]].
*Chronic cardiac insufficiency ([[congestive heart failure]]).
 
Note:
*The cause of [[end-stage renal disease]] (like end-stage liver disease) may be difficult to determine.


==Anatomical cause==
==Anatomical cause==
''Renal failure 101'':
*Pre-renal.
*Pre-renal.
*Renal.
*Renal.
*Post-renal.
*Post-renal.
===Pre-renal===
*Hypotension due to blood loss (e.g. [[blunt force trauma]], [[sharp force trauma]], [[gunshot wound]]).
*Reduced cardiac output, e.g. [[myocardial infarction]].
*Renal artery stenosis.
===Renal===
*[[Diabetic nephropathy]].
*[[Lupus nephritis]].
===Post-renal===
*[[Nodular hyperplasia of the prostate]].
*Obstruction due to abdominal malignancy.
*Posterior urethral valves.


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Medical renal disease]].
*[[Medical renal disease]].
*[[End-stage kidney]].
==References==
{{Reflist|1}}


[[Category:Medical kidney disease]]
[[Category:Genitourinary pathology]]

Latest revision as of 16:07, 31 December 2018

Nodular glomerulosclerosis in diabetes, a common cause of chronic renal failure. H&E stain. (WC/KGH)

Renal failure, also kidney failure, is dysfunction of the kidneys.

It can be subdivided in a number of different ways.

Acutity

  • Acute kidney injury (abbreviated AKI) - previously acute renal failure (abbreviated ARF).
  • Chronic renal failure (CRF).

Acute kidney injury

Chronic renal failure

Note:

Anatomical cause

Renal failure 101:

  • Pre-renal.
  • Renal.
  • Post-renal.

Pre-renal

Renal

Post-renal

See also

References

  1. Saric M, Kronzon I (November 2011). "Cholesterol embolization syndrome". Curr. Opin. Cardiol. 26 (6): 472–9. doi:10.1097/HCO.0b013e32834b7fdd. PMID 21993354.