Reactive gastropathy
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Reactive gastropathy | |
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Diagnosis in short | |
Reactive gastropathy. H&E stain. | |
| |
Synonyms | chemical gastritis, chemical gastropathy, NSAID gastropathy (if due to a NSAID) |
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LM | foveolar hyperplasia - esp. tortuosity of glands in the "neck" region (S shaped glands), smooth muscle hyperplasia, scant inflammatory cells, +/-edema, +/-erosions |
LM DDx | hyperplastic polyp of the stomach, collagenous gastritis, amyloidosis, chronic gastritis |
Site | stomach |
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Associated Dx | osteoarthritis (treated with NSAIDs) |
Clinical history | classically NSAID use or alcohol use |
Endoscopy | erythema, +/-erosions, +/-bile reflux |
Clin. DDx | gastritis |
Reactive gastropathy | |
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External resources | |
EHVSC | 10177 |
Wikipedia | reactive gastropathy |
Reactive gastropathy, abbreviated RG, a relatively common pathology of the stomach. It is also known as chemical gastropathy,[1] and incorrectly referred to as chemical gastritis (see below).
NSAID gastropathy redirects to here.
General
- May be seen in the context of a previous resection/surgical reconstruction, e.g. Billroth II.
Epidemiology
General assocations:
- Increases with age.[2]
Etologic factors - associated with:[3]
- Excess acid.
- Alcohol use (excessive).
- Bile (reflux).
- May be seen post-Bilroth II (distal gastrectomy).
- Drugs.[1]
Notes:
Drugs that cause erosions and/or ulcers - adapted from Genta:[1]
Drug | Comment | Indication for Rx |
---|---|---|
NSAIDs | common cause | pain, reduce cardiovascular risk |
Corticosteroids | synergistic effect with NSAIDs | rheumatologic diseases + others |
Potassium (KCl) | common cause | congestive heart failure[6] |
Bisphophonates | uncommon cause | osteoporosis |
Ferrous sulfate | very common if symptomatic | iron deficiency anemia |
Chloroquine | uncommon | only in the context of malaria |
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) | rare | renal failure |
Relation to gastritis
- May mimic a (true) gastritis symptomatically and visually in an endoscopic examination.
- "Chemical gastritis" is misnomer. Etymologically, the -itis in gastritis, implies an inflammatory process. Chemical gastropathy is not (predominantly) an inflammatory process.
- This type of confusion is not uncommon. Steatohepatitis is another example of this; it is not a process with significant inflammation yet, confusingly, carries the -itis ending.
Gross/endoscopic
Features:[7]
- Antral erythema +/- erosions.
- +/-Bile.
Microscopic
- Foveolar hyperplasia.
- Tortuosity of glands in the "neck" region of the gastric glands.
- Associated with "mucin depletion" - cytoplasm not clear -- as is usual.
- Smooth muscle fibre hyperplasia.
- Abundant eosinophilic lamina propria.
- Scant acute & chronic inflammatory cells.
Additional features.
- +/-Edema.
- +/-Erosions.
Notes:
- Triad rarely present; mild inflammation common.
DDx:
Images
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Stomach, Antrum, Biopsy: - Antral-type gastric mucosa with reactive gastropathy. - NEGATIVE for Helicobacter-like organisms. - NEGATIVE for intestinal metaplasia. - NEGATIVE for dysplasia and NEGATIVE for malignancy.
Block letters
STOMACH, BIOPSY: - ANTRAL-TYPE GASTRIC MUCOSA WITH REACTIVE GASTROPATHY, SEE COMMENT. - NEGATIVE FOR HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS. - NEGATIVE FOR INTESTINAL METAPLASIA. - NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY. COMMENT: This nonspecific finding may be due to a number of causes, including medications (especially NSAIDs), alcohol and bile reflux.
RG and mild chronic gastritis
STOMACH, BIOPSY: - ANTRAL-TYPE GASTRIC MUCOSA WITH REACTIVE GASTROPATHY AND MILD CHRONIC INACTIVE INFLAMMATION. - NEGATIVE FOR HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS. - NEGATIVE FOR INTESTINAL METAPLASIA. - NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
Not well-developed
STOMACH, BIOPSY: - BODY-TYPE GASTRIC MUCOSA WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS. - ANTRAL-TYPE GASTRIC MUCOSA WITH SMOOTH MUSCLE HYPERPLASIA, RARE GLAND TORTUOSITY AND NO SIGNFICANT INFLAMMATION, SEE COMMENT. - NEGATIVE FOR HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS. - NEGATIVE FOR INTESTINAL METAPLASIA. - NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY. COMMENT: These findings are suggestive of a reactive gastropathy; however, gland corkscrewing is not evident.
Not well-developed with minimal inflammation
STOMACH, BIOPSY: - ANTRAL-TYPE GASTRIC MUCOSA WITH SMOOTH MUSCLE HYPERPLASIA, RARE GLAND TORTUOSITY AND MINIMAL CHRONIC INACTIVE INFLAMMATION, SEE COMMENT. - NEGATIVE FOR HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS. - NEGATIVE FOR INTESTINAL METAPLASIA. - NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY. COMMENT: The smooth muscle hyperplasia and rare gland tortuosity are suggestive of a reactive gastropathy.
Isolated smooth muscle prominence
STOMACH, BIOPSY: - ANTRAL-TYPE GASTRIC MUCOSA WITH PROMINENT SMOOTH MUSCLE, OTHERWISE WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS. - NEGATIVE FOR HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS. - NEGATIVE FOR INTESTINAL METAPLASIA. - NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Genta, RM. (Nov 2005). "Differential diagnosis of reactive gastropathy.". Semin Diagn Pathol 22 (4): 273-83. PMID 16939055.
- ↑ Maguilnik, I.; Neumann, WL.; Sonnenberg, A.; Genta, RM. (Aug 2012). "Reactive gastropathy is associated with inflammatory conditions throughout the gastrointestinal tract.". Aliment Pharmacol Ther. doi:10.1111/apt.12031. PMID 22928604.
- ↑ ALS. 5 February 2009.
- ↑ URL: http://www.cmej.org.za/index.php/cmej/article/view/2316/2190. Accessed on: June 17, 2016.
- ↑ Wolf, EM.; Plieschnegger, W.; Schmack, B.; Bordel, H.; Höfler, B.; Eherer, A.; Schulz, T.; Vieth, M. et al. (Dec 2014). "Evolving patterns in the diagnosis of reactive gastropathy: data from a prospective Central European multicenter study with proposal of a new histologic scoring system.". Pathol Res Pract 210 (12): 847-54. doi:10.1016/j.prp.2014.08.009. PMID 25238940.
- ↑ Weir, MR.; Espaillat, R. (Jun 2015). "Clinical perspectives on the rationale for potassium supplementation.". Postgrad Med 127 (5): 539-48. doi:10.1080/00325481.2015.1045814. PMID 25960118.
- ↑ Iacobuzio-Donahue, Christine A.; Montgomery, Elizabeth A. (2005). Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology: A Volume in the Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology Series (1st ed.). Churchill Livingstone. pp. 69. ISBN 978-0443066573.
- ↑ El-Zimaity. 18 October 2010.
- ↑ Iacobuzio-Donahue, Christine A.; Montgomery, Elizabeth A. (2005). Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology: A Volume in the Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology Series (1st ed.). Churchill Livingstone. pp. 69. ISBN 978-0443066573.