Programmed death-ligand 1

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Programmed death-ligand 1, commonly abbreviated PD-L1, is a protein with an important role in immune system regulation and cancer.

Normally, PD-L1 on cells binds with programmed cell death 1 on the T lymphocytes.[1]

PD-L1 is also known as CD274.[2]

General

  • IHC testing using a PD-L1 antibody (demonstrating positive tumour cells) predicts response to anti-PD-L1 drugs.[3]

Background

Cytotoxic T cell function is regulated by receptor pairs found on the tumour and lymphocyte:[1]

Function Tumour cell T cell
Antigen presentation MHC TCR
Signal inhibition PD-1 PD-L1 (CD274), PD-L2 (CD273)

Prognosis

Drugs - Immune checkpoint inhibitors

  • PD-1 inhibitors:
    • Nivolumab
    • Pembrolizumab
  • PD-L1 inhibitors:
    • Atezolizumab.[3]
    • Durvalumab.
    • Avelumab


Anti-PD-L1 drugs - use

PD-L1 antibodies are being used to treat:[5]

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Ribas, A. (Jun 2012). "Tumor immunotherapy directed at PD-1.". N Engl J Med 366 (26): 2517-9. doi:10.1056/NEJMe1205943. PMID 22658126.
  2. Online 'Mendelian Inheritance in Man' (OMIM) 605402
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Fehrenbacher, L.; Spira, A.; Ballinger, M.; Kowanetz, M.; Vansteenkiste, J.; Mazieres, J.; Park, K.; Smith, D. et al. (Mar 2016). "Atezolizumab versus docetaxel for patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (POPLAR): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 randomised controlled trial.". Lancet. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00587-0. PMID 26970723.
  4. Webb, JR.; Milne, K.; Kroeger, DR.; Nelson, BH. (May 2016). "PD-L1 expression is associated with tumor-infiltrating T cells and favorable prognosis in high-grade serous ovarian cancer.". Gynecol Oncol 141 (2): 293-302. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.03.008. PMID 26972336.
  5. Gandini, S.; Massi, D.; Mandalà, M. (Apr 2016). "PD-L1 expression in cancer patients receiving anti PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.". Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 100: 88-98. doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.02.001. PMID 26895815.