Pneumothorax

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Pneumothorax is air within the potential space between the parietal pleura and visceral pleura leading to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.

A normal and collapsed lung. (WC/Blausen gallery 2014)

General

Causes

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Lung (Left Upper Lobe), Resection:
     - Emphysematous changes with lung belbs/bullae.
     - Focal subpleural fibrosis and pigmented airspace macrophages.
     - NEGATIVE for significant inflammation.
     - NEGATIVE for significant interstitial fibrosis.
     - NEGATIVE for malignancy.
     - Please see comment.

Comment: 
The wedge-shaped pattern of fibrotic healing seen in the pleura is typical 
of spontaneous pneumothorax.

Alternate

A. Lung, Right Upper Lobe - Apical Segment, Wedge Resection:
- Mild emphysematous changes.
- Focal subpleural fibrosis.
- NEGATIVE for significant inflammation.
- NEGATIVE for significant interstitial fibrosis.
- NEGATIVE for malignancy.
- Please see comment.

B. Lung, Right Upper Lobe - Posterior Segment, Wedge Resection:
- Mild emphysematous changes.
- Focal subpleural fibrosis.
- NEGATIVE for significant inflammation.
- NEGATIVE for significant interstitial fibrosis.
- NEGATIVE for malignancy.
- Please see comment.

Comment: 
The wedge-shaped pattern of fibrotic healing seen in the pleura is typical 
of spontaneous pneumothorax. 

The emphysema present may be a contributory factor; however, other causes 
must be excluded clinically. 

See also

References

  1. Papagiannis, A.; Lazaridis, G.; Zarogoulidis, K.; Papaiwannou, A.; Karavergou, A.; Lampaki, S.; Baka, S.; Mpoukovinas, I. et al. (Mar 2015). "Pneumothorax: an up to date "introduction".". Ann Transl Med 3 (4): 53. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.03.23. PMID 25861608.
  2. Furuya, M.; Yao, M.; Tanaka, R.; Nagashima, Y.; Kuroda, N.; Hasumi, H.; Baba, M.; Matsushima, J. et al. (Nov 2016). "Genetic, epidemiologic and clinicopathologic studies of Japanese Asian patients with Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome.". Clin Genet 90 (5): 403-412. doi:10.1111/cge.12807. PMID 27220747.