Difference between revisions of "Pneumonia"

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m (fix lobar pneumonia)
(+aspiration pneumonia)
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*Inflammation.
*Inflammation.
*+/-[[Granuloma]]s.
*+/-[[Granuloma]]s.
==Aspiration pneumonia==
===General===
*Usually seen in the context of a toxin and/or pathology that affects the swallowing and cough reflexes.<ref name=pmid16082150>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Ohrui | first1 = T. | title = Preventive strategies for aspiration pneumonia in elderly disabled persons. | journal = Tohoku J Exp Med | volume = 207 | issue = 1 | pages = 3-12 | month = Sep | year = 2005 | doi =  | PMID = 16082150 }}</ref>
**[[Stroke]].
**[[Multiple sclerosis]].
**Alcohol.
===Microscopic===
Features:
*+/-Foreign body giant cells.
Images:
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aspiration_pneumonia_%281%29.jpg (WC)].


=Diffuse lung diseases=
=Diffuse lung diseases=

Revision as of 02:52, 9 January 2012

Pneumonia is inflammation of the lung and grouped with the medical lung diseases.

There are various types of pneumonia.

Infectious pnemonia

Anatomical classification of pneumonia

  • Generally, not used by clinicians.
  • Use of the terms without qualification is discouraged... as they do not make explicit the etiology.

Bronchopneumonia

  • Multiple foci of (acute) inflammation involving the bronchi.
  • This is the most common form of (infectious) pneumonia.

Lobar pneumonia

  • Pneumonia that involves a whole lobe.
  • Rarely seen in areas where antibiotic treatments are widely available.

Acute infectious pneumonia

General

  • This is seen by pathologists, in autopsy, from time-to-time.

Most common cause:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae.[1]

The top three community acquired (acute) pneumonia:[2]

  • Streptococcuc pneumonia.
  • Haemophilus influenzae.
  • Moraxella catarrhalis.

Other community acquired pneumonia:[1]

  • S. aureus.
  • Legionaella pneumophila.
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae.
  • Pseudomonas.

Hospital-acquired pneumonia:[1]

  • Gram-negative rods.
  • Staphylococcus aureus.

Radiologic correlate

  • Air space disease.

Gross pathology

  • Consolidation (the lung parenchyma is firm) - best appreciated by running a finger over the cut surface of the lung with a small-to-moderate amount of pressure.

Microscopic

Features:

  • Alveoli packed with PMNs.
  • +/-Clusters of bacteria - small dots or rods.

Image: Normal alveoli & pneumonia (WC).

Stains

  • Gram stain -- to type the bacteria.

Chronic infectious pneumonia

General

Common microorganisms:[1]

Note:

  • All of the later ones are granulomatous.

Microscopic

Features:

Aspiration pneumonia

General

  • Usually seen in the context of a toxin and/or pathology that affects the swallowing and cough reflexes.[3]

Microscopic

Features:

  • +/-Foreign body giant cells.

Images:

Diffuse lung diseases

  • AKA idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.

Histologic pattern:

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; Aster, Jon (2009). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. pp. 711. ISBN 978-1416031215.
  2. Nicolau, D. (Sep 2002). "Clinical and economic implications of antimicrobial resistance for the management of community-acquired respiratory tract infections.". J Antimicrob Chemother 50 Suppl S1: 61-70. PMID 12239229.
  3. Ohrui, T. (Sep 2005). "Preventive strategies for aspiration pneumonia in elderly disabled persons.". Tohoku J Exp Med 207 (1): 3-12. PMID 16082150.