Difference between revisions of "Pneumonia"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
(mv infectious pneumonia here) |
|||
| Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
There are various types of pneumonia. | There are various types of pneumonia. | ||
=Infectious pnemonia= | |||
*[[Acute infectious pneumonia]]. | *[[Acute infectious pneumonia]]. | ||
**[[Pneumocystis pneumonia]]. | **[[Pneumocystis pneumonia]]. | ||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
*Rarely seen in areas where antibiotic treatments are widely available. | *Rarely seen in areas where antibiotic treatments are widely available. | ||
==Diffuse lung diseases | ==Acute infectious pneumonia== | ||
===General=== | |||
*This is seen by pathologists, in [[autopsy]], from time-to-time. | |||
Most common cause: | |||
*''Streptococcus pneumoniae''.<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_711>{{Ref PBoD8|711}}</ref> | |||
The top three community acquired (acute) pneumonia:<ref name=pmid12239229>{{Cite journal | last1 = Nicolau | first1 = D. | title = Clinical and economic implications of antimicrobial resistance for the management of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. | journal = J Antimicrob Chemother | volume = 50 Suppl S1 | issue = | pages = 61-70 | month = Sep | year = 2002 | doi = | PMID = 12239229 }}</ref> | |||
*''Streptococcuc pneumonia''. | |||
*''Haemophilus influenzae''. | |||
*''Moraxella catarrhalis''. | |||
Other community acquired pneumonia:<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_711>{{Ref PBoD8|711}}</ref> | |||
*S. aureus. | |||
*Legionaella pneumophila. | |||
*Klebsiella pneumoniae. | |||
*Pseudomonas. | |||
Hospital-acquired pneumonia:<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_711>{{Ref PBoD8|711}}</ref> | |||
*Gram-negative rods. | |||
*''Staphylococcus aureus''. | |||
===Radiologic correlate=== | |||
*Air space disease. | |||
===Gross pathology=== | |||
*Consolidation (the lung parenchyma is firm) - best appreciated by running a finger over the cut surface of the lung with a small-to-moderate amount of pressure. | |||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features: | |||
*Alveoli packed with [[PMN]]s. | |||
*+/-Clusters of bacteria - small dots or rods. | |||
Image: [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pneumonia_alveolus.jpg Normal alveoli & pneumonia (WC)]. | |||
===Stains=== | |||
*Gram stain -- to type the bacteria. | |||
==Chronic infectious pneumonia== | |||
===General=== | |||
Common microorganisms:<ref name=Ref_PBoD8_711>{{Ref PBoD8|711}}</ref> | |||
*Nocardia. | |||
*Actinomyces. | |||
*Mycobacterium tuberculosis. | |||
*Atypical mycobacterium, e.g. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. | |||
*[[Histoplasmosis|Histoplasma capsulatum]]. | |||
*[[Coccidioidomycosis|Coccidioides immitis]]. | |||
*[[Blastomycosis|Blastomyces dermatitidis]]. | |||
Note: | |||
*All of the later ones are granulomatous. | |||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features: | |||
*Inflammation. | |||
*+/-[[Granuloma]]s. | |||
=Diffuse lung diseases= | |||
{{Main|Diffuse lung disease}} | {{Main|Diffuse lung disease}} | ||
*[[AKA]] ''idiopathic interstitial pneumonia''. | *[[AKA]] ''idiopathic interstitial pneumonia''. | ||
| Line 34: | Line 90: | ||
**[[Acute interstitial pneumonia]]. | **[[Acute interstitial pneumonia]]. | ||
=See also= | |||
*[[Medical lung diseases]]. | *[[Medical lung diseases]]. | ||
*[[Lung]]. | *[[Lung]]. | ||
[[Category:Pulmonary pathology]] | [[Category:Pulmonary pathology]] | ||
Revision as of 06:25, 28 December 2011
Pneumonia is inflammation of the lung.
There are various types of pneumonia.
Infectious pnemonia
Anatomical classification of pneumonia
- Generally, not used by clinicians.
- Use of the terms without qualification is discouraged... as they do not make explicit the etiology.
Bronchopneumonia
- Multiple foci of (acute) inflammation involving the bronchi.
- This is the most common form of (infectious) pneumonia.
Lobular pneumonia
- Pneumonia that involves a hole lobe.
- Rarely seen in areas where antibiotic treatments are widely available.
Acute infectious pneumonia
General
- This is seen by pathologists, in autopsy, from time-to-time.
Most common cause:
- Streptococcus pneumoniae.[1]
The top three community acquired (acute) pneumonia:[2]
- Streptococcuc pneumonia.
- Haemophilus influenzae.
- Moraxella catarrhalis.
Other community acquired pneumonia:[1]
- S. aureus.
- Legionaella pneumophila.
- Klebsiella pneumoniae.
- Pseudomonas.
Hospital-acquired pneumonia:[1]
- Gram-negative rods.
- Staphylococcus aureus.
Radiologic correlate
- Air space disease.
Gross pathology
- Consolidation (the lung parenchyma is firm) - best appreciated by running a finger over the cut surface of the lung with a small-to-moderate amount of pressure.
Microscopic
Features:
- Alveoli packed with PMNs.
- +/-Clusters of bacteria - small dots or rods.
Image: Normal alveoli & pneumonia (WC).
Stains
- Gram stain -- to type the bacteria.
Chronic infectious pneumonia
General
Common microorganisms:[1]
- Nocardia.
- Actinomyces.
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Atypical mycobacterium, e.g. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare.
- Histoplasma capsulatum.
- Coccidioides immitis.
- Blastomyces dermatitidis.
Note:
- All of the later ones are granulomatous.
Microscopic
Features:
- Inflammation.
- +/-Granulomas.
Diffuse lung diseases
Main article: Diffuse lung disease
- AKA idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.
Histologic pattern:
- Organizing pneumonia.
- Usual interstitial pneumonia.
- Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia.
- Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia.
- Desquamative interstitial pneumonia.
- Diffuse alveolar damage.
See also
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; Aster, Jon (2009). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. pp. 711. ISBN 978-1416031215.
- ↑ Nicolau, D. (Sep 2002). "Clinical and economic implications of antimicrobial resistance for the management of community-acquired respiratory tract infections.". J Antimicrob Chemother 50 Suppl S1: 61-70. PMID 12239229.