Pediatric pathology

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The article deals with paediatric pathology, which is quite different than adult pathology. Many diseases that afflict children are uncommon or unheard of in adults.

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

  • Abbreviated PPHN.
  • Related to patent ductus arteriosus and persistent fetal circulation.[1]

Associations:[2]

  • Meconium aspiration.
  • Anemia.
  • Infection.
    • Pneumonia (severe).
  • Hypoglycemia.
  • Birth asphyxia.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

  • Abbreviated HIE.
  • Autopsy adds some information.
  • Two-tone liver - suggests prior injury.[3]
  • HIE in perinatal period may be unique to the specific time of the injury, i.e. the type of hypoxic insults vary by developmental stage.[4]
    • Some hypoxic injuries that are prenatal do not occur after birth.
    • Hypoxic-ischemic insults are predominantly in the white matter.
  • HIE is the most common cause of neonatal seizures and often difficult to control with anticonvulsants.[5]

Germinal matrix hemorrhage

  • Arises from the germinal matrix, the tissue from which neurons and glial arise from.[6]
  • The germinal matrix is thought to be intrinsically fragile and is especially so in premature infants.

References

  1. URL: http://www.thechildrenshospital.org/wellness/info/parents/20830.aspx. Accessed on: 4 January 2011.
  2. URL: http://www.thechildrenshospital.org/wellness/info/parents/20830.aspx. Accessed on: 4 January 2011.
  3. Elder DE, Zuccollo JM, Stanley TV (July 2005). "Neonatal death after hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy: does a postmortem add to the final diagnoses?". BJOG 112 (7): 935–40. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00608.x. PMID 15957995.
  4. Grafe MR, Kinney HC (February 2002). "Neuropathology associated with stillbirth". Semin. Perinatol. 26 (1): 83–8. PMID 11876572.
  5. URL: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/973501-overview. Accessed on: 7 January 2011.
  6. 6.0 6.1 Ballabh P (January 2010). "Intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants: mechanism of disease". Pediatr. Res. 67 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181c1b176. PMC 2799187. PMID 19816235. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2799187/.

External links

Cases