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Jensflorian (talk | contribs) (→Spinal muscular atrophy: histo) |
Jensflorian (talk | contribs) (→General: structure) |
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** Formalin -> for IHC. | ** Formalin -> for IHC. | ||
** 4% Glutaraldehyde fixed -> for electron microscopy. | ** 4% Glutaraldehyde fixed -> for electron microscopy. | ||
====Skin biopsies==== | |||
* Punch biopsies (3mm) for small fiber neuropathy. | |||
** Paraformaldehyde-lysine-periodate -> for PGP9.5 immunofluorescence. | |||
=Muscle structure/histology= | =Muscle structure/histology= | ||
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Parasitic disease classically associated with consumption of uncooked pork. | Parasitic disease classically associated with consumption of uncooked pork. | ||
=Nerve stuff= | |||
=Nerve stuff= | =Nerve stuff= | ||
===General=== | ===General=== | ||
*Most common biopsy: sural nerve. | *Most common biopsy: sural nerve. | ||
**Approx. 20-30% of the biopsies are diagnostic or may alter treatment decisions. | |||
** Far less common: Superficial peroneal nerve. | |||
*Metabolic, toxic and nutritional causes account for 50% of neuropathies. | |||
*Inflammatory neuropathies (mostly GBS, CIDP or vasculitis): 10-20%. | |||
*Familial neuropathy: 10-20%. | |||
*Neoplasm-associated neuropathy: 5-10%. | |||
===Nerve structure=== | |||
*Nerve (surrounded by epineurium). | |||
*Fascicle (surrounded by perineurium). | |||
** Usu 6-15 fascicles in sural nerve. | |||
*Nerve fibre (surrounded by endoneurium). | |||
Epineurium: | |||
** Capillaries, arterioles and venules. | |||
** Fibroblasts, mast cells. | |||
** Pacinian corpuscles (no pathological relevance). | |||
Perineurium: | |||
** Fascicles may separated by perineurial septae. | |||
** Occasional perineurial calcifications (no pathological relevance). | |||
===Stains=== | ===Stains=== | ||
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*[[Leprosy]] (Leprous neuropathy). | *[[Leprosy]] (Leprous neuropathy). | ||
*[[Sarcoidosis]]. | *[[Sarcoidosis]]. | ||
*Neuropathy with macrophage-induced demyelination (CIDP, GBS). | |||
**Guillain–Barré syndrome. | |||
**Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case426.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case426.html]. Accessed on: 14 November 2010.</ref> | |||
*CMV neuritis in immuncompromised patients. | |||
*[[Vasculitis]]. | |||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
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===Other Diseases=== | ===Other Diseases=== | ||
*Toxic polyneuropathy (drug toxicity).<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case173.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case173.html]. Accessed on: 8 January 2012.</ref> | *Toxic polyneuropathy (drug toxicity).<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case173.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case173.html]. Accessed on: 8 January 2012.</ref> | ||