Hypersensitivity

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Hypersensitivity is an inappropriate immune system response. It is a thingy one may get quizzed on.

Gell & Coombs classification

Gell & Coombs, in the 1960s, came-up with a classification that has endured.

Type (I-IV) Formal name[1] Name Example Mediator Pathology
I Immediate h. Allergic h. anaphylaxis, (atopic) bronchial asthma, allergies antibodies (IgE) mast cells, inflammation (esp. eosinophils), edema
II Antibody mediated h. Cytotoxic antibody dependent h. Goodpasture syndrome, Graves disease antibodies (IgG, IgM) (antibody-mediated) phagocytosis & lysis
III Immune complex mediated h. Immune complex mediated h. systemic lupus erythematosus, hypersensitivity pneumonitis,[2] rheumatoid arthritis antigen-antibody complex inflammation, vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis
IV Cell-mediated h. Delayed-type hypersensitivity tuberculosis, contact dermatitis, chronic transplant rejection, inflammatory bowel disease activated T cells perivascular inflammation, granulomas


Memory device ACID:[3]

  • Allergic, Cytotoxic-mediated, Immune-complex disease, Delayed hypersensitivity.

See also

References

  1. Mitchell, Richard; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon (2011). Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. pp. 110. ISBN 978-1416054542.
  2. Kaltreider, HB. (Nov 1993). "Hypersensitivity pneumonitis.". West J Med 159 (5): 570-8. PMID 8279154. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/8279154/?tool=pubmed.
  3. URL: http://www.saintcyr.com/2001/mnemonic.html. Accessed on: 13 November 2011.