Hobnail pattern
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Hobnail pattern is a morphologic pattern that is seen in a number of contexts, including benign and malignant.
Definition
- Basement membrane area < area exposed to luminal surface.
Some considerations
Lung:
Breast:
Gynecology:
Kidney:
- Collecting duct carcinoma.
- Acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma.
- Tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma.
Urinary bladder:
Other:
- Angiosarcoma.
- Reactive endothelial cells in granulation tissue.
- Kimura disease.
See also
References
- ↑ Piña-Oviedo, S.; Shen, SS.; Truong, LD.; Ayala, AG.; Ro, JY. (Jun 2013). "Flat pattern of nephrogenic adenoma: previously unrecognized pattern unveiled using PAX2 and PAX8 immunohistochemistry.". Mod Pathol 26 (6): 792-8. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2012.239. PMID 23328975.