Difference between revisions of "Diabetes mellitus"

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*Major cardiovascular risk factor.
*Major cardiovascular risk factor.
*Many subtypes.
*Many subtypes.
**Most common type 2, which is strongly assoc. with obesity.
**Most common: DM type 2 -- strongly assoc. with obesity.


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
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==Classic complications==
==Classic complications==
Family medicine - mnemonic ''HELP'':
Family medicine - mnemonic ''HELP'':
*H - HbA1c, HTn.
*H - HbA1c, [[Hypertension]].
*E - eye.
*E - [[eye]].
*L - lipids.
*L - lipids.
*P - podiatry, proteinuria, Pneumococcus vaccine.
*P - podiatry, proteinuria, Pneumococcus vaccine.
Line 20: Line 20:
==Emergency room presentations==
==Emergency room presentations==
*[[Ketoacidosis]] - DM type 1.
*[[Ketoacidosis]] - DM type 1.
*HONK - DM type 2.
*Hyperosmotic non-ketotic (HONK) coma - DM type 2.


=Subspecialty specific findings=
=Subspecialty specific findings=

Revision as of 04:34, 21 November 2011

Diabetes mellitus, often (less precisely) just diabetes, is a common affliction that is increasing the expanding waistlines. It is commonly abbreviated DM.

General

  • Major cardiovascular risk factor.
  • Many subtypes.
    • Most common: DM type 2 -- strongly assoc. with obesity.

Diagnosis

Based on biochemistry, specifically:

  • Fasting blood glucose >=7.0 mmol/L.
  • Two-hour glucose tolerance test >=11.1 mmol/L.

Classic complications

Family medicine - mnemonic HELP:

  • H - HbA1c, Hypertension.
  • E - eye.
  • L - lipids.
  • P - podiatry, proteinuria, Pneumococcus vaccine.

Emergency room presentations

  • Ketoacidosis - DM type 1.
  • Hyperosmotic non-ketotic (HONK) coma - DM type 2.

Subspecialty specific findings

Dermatopathology

Other:

Gastrointestinal pathology

Breast pathology

Genitourinary pathology

Placental pathology

Cardiovascular pathology

Neuropathology

  • Idiopathic inflammatory myositis.[4]

References

  1. URL: http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/amyloidosis-000007.htm. Accessed on: 23 October 2010.
  2. Amer HZ, Heller DS (2010). "Chorangioma and related vascular lesions of the placenta--a review". Fetal Pediatr Pathol 29 (4): 199–206. doi:10.3109/15513815.2010.487009. PMID 20594143.
  3. Lilja M (July 1994). "Infants with single umbilical artery studied in a national registry. 3: A case control study of risk factors". Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 8 (3): 325–33. PMID 7997408.
  4. Limaye VS, Lester S, Blumbergs P, Roberts-Thomson PJ (May 2010). "Idiopathic inflammatory myositis is associated with a high incidence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus". Int J Rheum Dis 13 (2): 132–7. doi:10.1111/j.1756-185X.2010.01470.x. PMID 20536597.