Difference between revisions of "Cytometry"

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==Common markers==
==Common markers==
*CD3, CD4, CD8, CD5, CD7.
*[[CD3]], CD4, CD8, [[CD5]], CD7.
*CD19, CD20, FMC7.
*CD19, [[CD20]], FMC7.
*Kappa, lambda.
*Kappa, lambda.


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*In reactive nodes T-cells predominate.
*In reactive nodes T-cells predominate.
*Normal thymic tissue has cells that are positive for both CD4 and CD8.
*Normal thymic tissue has cells that are positive for both CD4 and CD8.
*Kappa and lambda are not expressed by the same cell.
*Kappa (k) and lambda (l) are not expressed by the same cell.
*Rule-of-thumb for normal k:l range is: <6:1 and 1:<3.<ref>SB. March 10, 2010.</ref>  
*Rule-of-thumb for normal k:l range is: <6:1 and 1:<3.<ref>SB. March 10, 2010.</ref>  
**Lambda dominance is less common.
**Lambda dominance is less common.


GS guidelines - non-malignant is:<ref>GS. LSC Procedure. March 11, 2010.</ref>
GS guidelines - non-malignant is:<ref>GS. LSC Procedure. March 11, 2010.</ref>
*CD19 ~= CD20
*CD19 ~= CD20.
*CD5 = CD3
*CD5 = CD3.
*CD2 > CD3 and CD5
*CD2 > CD3 and CD5.
*CD4 + CD8 ~= CD3
*CD4 + CD8 ~= CD3.
*CD7 = the smallest number of T-cell
*CD7 = the smallest number of T-cell.


==Abnormal==
==Abnormal==
*CD4>CD8 predominance classically seen in:
*CD4>CD8 predominance classically seen in:
**Sarcoidosis.
**[[Sarcoidosis]].
**Hodgkin's lymphoma.
**[[Hodgkin's lymphoma]].
*T cell lymphoma - loss of one of the T-cell markers (CD2, CD3, CD5 or CD7).
*T cell lymphoma - loss of one of the T-cell markers (CD2, CD3, CD5 or CD7).
**CD7 is usually the first to be lost.
**CD7 is usually the first to be lost.
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*CD10.  
*CD10.  
**Germinal centre marker.
**Germinal centre marker.
**+ve in: follicular l., Burkitt l., precursor lymphoblastic leukemia.
**+ve in: [[follicular lymphoma]], [[Burkitt lymphoma]], precursor lymphoblastic leukemia.
*CD19.
*CD19.
**B cell marker.
**B cell marker.
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**B cell marker.
**B cell marker.
**Should be ~=CD20.
**Should be ~=CD20.
*CD23.  
*[[CD23]].  
**+ve in CLL/SLL.
**+ve in [[chronic lymphocytic leukemia|CLL/SLL]].
*FMC7
*FMC7
**B cell marker.
**B cell marker.
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NK-Cell Associated Markers  
NK-Cell Associated Markers  
*CD56.
*[[CD56]].
*CD16.
*CD16.
   
   
Miscellaneous Markers  
Miscellaneous Markers  
*CD11c.
*CD11c -- usu. +ve in [[marginal zone lymphoma]].
*CD14.
*CD14.



Latest revision as of 16:33, 5 March 2017

Cytometry is the quantification and measurement of cells.

It is typically done in the context of lymphoma via one of two techniques:

  1. Flow cytometry.
  2. Laser scanning cytometry (LSC).

Common markers

  • CD3, CD4, CD8, CD5, CD7.
  • CD19, CD20, FMC7.
  • Kappa, lambda.

Normal

  • T-cells to B-cells usually 1:1.
  • In reactive nodes T-cells predominate.
  • Normal thymic tissue has cells that are positive for both CD4 and CD8.
  • Kappa (k) and lambda (l) are not expressed by the same cell.
  • Rule-of-thumb for normal k:l range is: <6:1 and 1:<3.[1]
    • Lambda dominance is less common.

GS guidelines - non-malignant is:[2]

  • CD19 ~= CD20.
  • CD5 = CD3.
  • CD2 > CD3 and CD5.
  • CD4 + CD8 ~= CD3.
  • CD7 = the smallest number of T-cell.

Abnormal

  • CD4>CD8 predominance classically seen in:
  • T cell lymphoma - loss of one of the T-cell markers (CD2, CD3, CD5 or CD7).
    • CD7 is usually the first to be lost.

Sample report

B-Cell Associated Markers

  • CD10.
  • CD19.
    • B cell marker.
    • Should be ~=CD20.
  • CD20.
    • B cell marker.
    • Should be ~=CD20.
  • CD23.
  • FMC7
    • B cell marker.
  • Kappa+CD19/20+.
    • B cell clonality.
  • Lambda+CD19/20+
    • B cell clonality.

T-Cell Associated Markers

  • CD3.
    • CD3 ~= CD4 + CD8.
    • Usually: CD2 > CD3 > CD7.
  • CD5.
    • Usually: CD2 > CD5 > CD7.
  • CD4.
    • CD3 ~= CD4 + CD8.
  • CD8.
    • CD3 ~= CD4 + CD8.
  • CD7.
    • Usually least prevalent T cell marker; < CD2, < CD3, < CD5.
  • CD2.
    • Usually most prevalent T cell marker; > CD3, > CD5, > CD7.

NK-Cell Associated Markers

Miscellaneous Markers

See also

References

  1. SB. March 10, 2010.
  2. GS. LSC Procedure. March 11, 2010.