Chondroma

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Chondroma is a benign tumour of cartilage. It is in the chondro-osseous tumours group of soft tissue tumours.

Chondroma
Diagnosis in short

Enchondroma. H&E stain.

LM cytologically benign cells is spaced nests, should not extend into surrounding soft tissue
LM DDx low-grade chondrosarcoma
Site cartilage - see chondro-osseous tumours

Syndromes Ollier disease, Maffucci syndrome, metachondromatosis

Prognosis benign

General

  • Benign thingy.
  • Usual legs and feet.
  • May be difficult to separate from chondrosarcoma.
  • Multiple chondromas = enchondromatosis; three distinct syndromes:[1]
  • Enchondroma = chondroma in the marrow space.

Clinical:[1]

  • Pain.

Radiology

Features:[1]

  • Lytic lesion.
  • Usual close to a growth plate.

Important suspicious findings that favour malignant:[3]

  • Cortical destruction.
  • Soft tissue component.

Note:

  • High-grade chondroid lesions (high-grade chondrosarcoma) can usually be separated radiologically from low-grade ones.[4]

Microscopic

Features:

  • Cytologically benign cells is spaced nests.
  • Should not extending into surrounding soft tissue.

DDx:

  • Low-grade chondrosarcoma - should be considered, correlation with radiology essential.

Images

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TISSUE ("CHONDROMA"), LEFT COSTAL MARGIN, EXCISION:
- CHONDROMA.

Micro

The sections show spaced small cells in a pale matrix with a light-blue tinge. No nuclear atypia is appreciated. No mitotic activity is apparent. Degenerative changes are seen focally.

A small focus of cholesterol clefts with giant cells is present. Benign bone, bone marrow and skeletal muscle are present.

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 URL: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/389224-overview. Accessed on: 25 December 2010.
  2. Online 'Mendelian Inheritance in Man' (OMIM) 166000
  3. Choi, BB.; Jee, WH.; Sunwoo, HJ.; Cho, JH.; Kim, JY.; Chun, KA.; Hong, SJ.; Chung, HW. et al. "MR differentiation of low-grade chondrosarcoma from enchondroma.". Clin Imaging 37 (3): 542-7. doi:10.1016/j.clinimag.2012.08.006. PMID 23041161.
  4. Berber, O.; Datta, G.; Sabharwal, S.; Aston, W.; Saifuddin, A.; Briggs, T. (Apr 2012). "The safety of direct primary excision of low-grade chondral lesions based on radiological diagnosis alone.". Acta Orthop Belg 78 (2): 254-62. PMID 22696998.