Achalasia

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Achalasia is a benign pathology of the esophagus.

General

Clinical:

  • Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) liquids and solids.[2]

DDx:

Treatment:[4]

  • Endoscopic dilation.
  • Per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM).
  • Laparoscopic myotomy.

Microscopic

Features:[5]

  • Mucosa typically normal - even in long-standing achalasia.

Note:[5]

  • Achalasia seen in the context of a resection usually has inflammation.
  • Post-Heller myotomy often has inflammation.

Sign out

ESOPHAGUS, BIOPSY:
- SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM WITH A MILD DEEP LYMPHOCYTIC INFILTRATE, EDEMA, AND
  REACTIVE CHANGES, NO EOSINOPHILS APPARENT.
- SCANT COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM WITH MINIMAL STROMA, NO APPARENT SIGNIFICANT PATHOLOGY.
- NEGATIVE FOR INTESTINAL METAPLASIA.
- NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.

Alternate

GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION, BIOPSY:
- COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM WITH MODERATE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION.
- REACTIVE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM.
- NEGATIVE FOR INTESTINAL METAPLASIA.
- NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.

See also

References

  1. Zendehdel, K.; Nyrén, O.; Edberg, A.; Ye, W. (Jan 2011). "Risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in achalasia patients, a retrospective cohort study in Sweden.". Am J Gastroenterol 106 (1): 57-61. doi:10.1038/ajg.2010.449. PMID 21212754.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Blatnik, JA.; Ponsky, JL. (Jan 2014). "Advances in the Treatment of Achalasia.". Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. doi:10.1007/s11938-013-0007-2. PMID 24395614.
  3. Pantanali, CA.; Herbella, FA.; Henry, MA.; Mattos Farah, JF.; Patti, MG. (Jan 2013). "Laparoscopic Heller myotomy and fundoplication in patients with Chagas' disease achalasia and massively dilated esophagus.". Am Surg 79 (1): 72-5. PMID 23317615.
  4. Swanstrom, LL.; Kurian, A.; Dunst, CM.; Sharata, A.; Bhayani, N.; Rieder, E. (Oct 2012). "Long-term outcomes of an endoscopic myotomy for achalasia: the POEM procedure.". Ann Surg 256 (4): 659-67. doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e31826b5212. PMID 22982946.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Kjellin, AP.; Ost, AE.; Pope, CE. (2005). "Histology of esophageal mucosa from patients with achalasia.". Dis Esophagus 18 (4): 257-61. doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2005.00478.x. PMID 16128783.