Difference between revisions of "Achalasia"

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DDx:
DDx:
*[[Chagas disease]] - classically with dilation of the esophagus.<ref name=pmid23317615>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Pantanali | first1 = CA. | last2 = Herbella | first2 = FA. | last3 = Henry | first3 = MA. | last4 = Mattos Farah | first4 = JF. | last5 = Patti | first5 = MG. | title = Laparoscopic Heller myotomy and fundoplication in patients with Chagas' disease achalasia and massively dilated esophagus. | journal = Am Surg | volume = 79 | issue = 1 | pages = 72-5 | month = Jan | year = 2013 | doi =  | PMID = 23317615 }}</ref>
*[[Chagas disease]] - classically with dilation of the esophagus.<ref name=pmid23317615>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Pantanali | first1 = CA. | last2 = Herbella | first2 = FA. | last3 = Henry | first3 = MA. | last4 = Mattos Farah | first4 = JF. | last5 = Patti | first5 = MG. | title = Laparoscopic Heller myotomy and fundoplication in patients with Chagas' disease achalasia and massively dilated esophagus. | journal = Am Surg | volume = 79 | issue = 1 | pages = 72-5 | month = Jan | year = 2013 | doi =  | PMID = 23317615 }}</ref>
Treatment:<ref name=pmid22982946>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Swanstrom | first1 = LL. | last2 = Kurian | first2 = A. | last3 = Dunst | first3 = CM. | last4 = Sharata | first4 = A. | last5 = Bhayani | first5 = N. | last6 = Rieder | first6 = E. | title = Long-term outcomes of an endoscopic myotomy for achalasia: the POEM procedure. | journal = Ann Surg | volume = 256 | issue = 4 | pages = 659-67 | month = Oct | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1097/SLA.0b013e31826b5212 | PMID = 22982946 }}</ref>
*Endoscopic dilation.
*Per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM).
*Laparoscopic myotomy.


==Microscopic==
==Microscopic==

Revision as of 16:05, 11 February 2017

Achalasia is a benign pathology of the esophagus.

General

Clinical:

  • Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) liquids and solids.[2]

DDx:

Treatment:[4]

  • Endoscopic dilation.
  • Per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM).
  • Laparoscopic myotomy.

Microscopic

Features:[5]

  • Mucosa typically normal - even in long-standing achalasia.

Note:[5]

  • Achalasia seen in the context of a resection usually has inflammation.
  • Post-Heller myotomy often has inflammation.

Sign out

ESOPHAGUS, BIOPSY:
- SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM WITH A MILD DEEP LYMPHOCYTIC INFILTRATE, EDEMA, AND
  REACTIVE CHANGES, NO EOSINOPHILS APPARENT.
- SCANT COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM WITH MINIMAL STROMA, NO APPARENT SIGNIFICANT PATHOLOGY.
- NEGATIVE FOR INTESTINAL METAPLASIA.
- NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.

Alternate

GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION, BIOPSY:
- COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM WITH MODERATE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION.
- REACTIVE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM.
- NEGATIVE FOR INTESTINAL METAPLASIA.
- NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.

See also

References

  1. Zendehdel, K.; Nyrén, O.; Edberg, A.; Ye, W. (Jan 2011). "Risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in achalasia patients, a retrospective cohort study in Sweden.". Am J Gastroenterol 106 (1): 57-61. doi:10.1038/ajg.2010.449. PMID 21212754.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Blatnik, JA.; Ponsky, JL. (Jan 2014). "Advances in the Treatment of Achalasia.". Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. doi:10.1007/s11938-013-0007-2. PMID 24395614.
  3. Pantanali, CA.; Herbella, FA.; Henry, MA.; Mattos Farah, JF.; Patti, MG. (Jan 2013). "Laparoscopic Heller myotomy and fundoplication in patients with Chagas' disease achalasia and massively dilated esophagus.". Am Surg 79 (1): 72-5. PMID 23317615.
  4. Swanstrom, LL.; Kurian, A.; Dunst, CM.; Sharata, A.; Bhayani, N.; Rieder, E. (Oct 2012). "Long-term outcomes of an endoscopic myotomy for achalasia: the POEM procedure.". Ann Surg 256 (4): 659-67. doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e31826b5212. PMID 22982946.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Kjellin, AP.; Ost, AE.; Pope, CE. (2005). "Histology of esophageal mucosa from patients with achalasia.". Dis Esophagus 18 (4): 257-61. doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2005.00478.x. PMID 16128783.