Dermatofibroma

Dermatofibroma
	Diagnosis in short
	; Dermatofibroma. H&E stain.
LM	Prominent fibrous bundles - especially at the edge of the lesion ("collagen-trapping"), loss of adnexal structures, +/-"dirty fingers" (acanthosis, basal keratinocyte hyperpigmentation)
Subtypes	Cellular, deep penetrating, lipidized, epithelioid cell histiocytoma, fibrotic, aneurysmal, granular cell dermatofibroma, dermatofibroma with monster cells
LM DDx	DFSP, neurofibroma, blue nevus, melanoma, esp. desmoplastic neurotropic-type, fibromatosis
Site	skin
Clinical history	previous trauma

Dermatofibroma, abbreviated DF, is a common benign skin lesion. It is also known as benign fibrous histiocytoma and fibrous histiocytoma.

General

Reactive process -- it is not a neoplasm.
Usually associated with previous trauma.
- In women... usually legs.

Microscopic

Features:^[1]

Prominent fibrous bundles, especially at the edge of the lesion.
- Surrounded by spindle cells (fibroblasts).
  - Usually thought of as fibroblasts surrounded by fibrous material ("collagen-trapping").
Lack of adnexal structures, i.e. no sweat glands, no hair.
+/-Epidermal changes - known as "dirty fingers":^[2]
- Acanthosis (thickened epithelial layer - specifically thickened stratum spinosum).
- Basal keratinocyte hyperpigmentation.

DDx:

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) - usu. deeper, classically has adnexal structures and fat within lesion.
Neurofibroma.
Blue nevus.
Melanoma, esp. desmoplastic neurotropic-type.
Fibromatosis.

Images:

Subtypes

Like all common things... there are subtypes:^[3]

Cellular.
Deep penetrating.
Lipidized - with foamy macrophages, hemorrhage and Touton-like giant cells.
Epithelioid cell histiocytoma.
Fibrotic.
Aneurysmal - large blood filled + features of lipidized.
Granular cell dermatofibroma.
Dermatofibroma with monster cells.

Cellular dermatofibroma

Features:

High cell density in the dermis - "blue" at low power.
Collagen bundles - key feature.

Images:

IHC

Features:^[5]^[6]

Factor XIIIa +ve.
- Usually negative in DFSP.
CD34 -ve.
- Usually positive in DFSP.

Others:

D2-40 +ve.^[7]
- Usually negative in DFSP.
- There is not much literature on D2-40 in this context. Molecular work on the protein (podoplanin) the antibody is directed at has shown it is present in DFSP.^[8]

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SKIN LESION, LEFT SHOULDER, EXCISION:
- DERMATOFIBROMA.

Micro

The sections show skin with bland spindle cells interspersed between fibrous bundles. The fibrous bundles are prominent at the periphery of the lesion (collagen-trapping). Focal acanthosis is present.

The lesion does not extend to the adipose tissue. No atypia is apparent. No mitotic activity is identified.

The lesion extends to the edge of the tissue.

References

↑ Humphrey, Peter A; Dehner, Louis P; Pfeifer, John D (2008). The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology (1st ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 492. ISBN 978-0781765275.
↑ BD. 13 April 2011.
↑ Mills, Stacey E; Carter, Darryl; Greenson, Joel K; Reuter, Victor E; Stoler, Mark H (2009). Sternberg's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 51. ISBN 978-0781779425.
↑ URL: http://www.dermpedia.org/case/cellular-dermatofibroma-mimicking-dermatofibrosarcoma-protuberans#. Accessed on: 4 February 2012.
↑ Abenoza P, Lillemoe T (October 1993). "CD34 and factor XIIIa in the differential diagnosis of dermatofibroma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans". Am J Dermatopathol 15 (5): 429–34. PMID 7694515.
↑ Goldblum JR, Tuthill RJ (April 1997). "CD34 and factor-XIIIa immunoreactivity in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and dermatofibroma". Am J Dermatopathol 19 (2): 147–53. PMID 9129699.
↑ Bandarchi B, Ma L, Marginean C, Hafezi S, Zubovits J, Rasty G (March 2010). "D2-40, a novel immunohistochemical marker in differentiating dermatofibroma from dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans". Mod. Pathol. 23 (3): 434–8. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2009.176. PMID 20062007.
↑ Xu, Y.; Ogose, A.; Kawashima, H.; Hotta, T.; Ariizumi, T.; Li, G.; Umezu, H.; Endo, N. (Mar 2011). "High-level expression of podoplanin in benign and malignant soft tissue tumors: immunohistochemical and quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis.". Oncol Rep 25 (3): 599-607. doi:10.3892/or.2011.1141. PMID 21234520.

[Ref_WMSP492-1] Humphrey, Peter A; Dehner, Louis P; Pfeifer, John D (2008). The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology (1st ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 492. ISBN 978-0781765275.

[2] BD. 13 April 2011.

[3] Mills, Stacey E; Carter, Darryl; Greenson, Joel K; Reuter, Victor E; Stoler, Mark H (2009). Sternberg's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 51. ISBN 978-0781779425.

[4] URL: http://www.dermpedia.org/case/cellular-dermatofibroma-mimicking-dermatofibrosarcoma-protuberans#. Accessed on: 4 February 2012.

[pmid7694515-5] Abenoza P, Lillemoe T (October 1993). "CD34 and factor XIIIa in the differential diagnosis of dermatofibroma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans". Am J Dermatopathol 15 (5): 429–34. PMID 7694515.

[pmid9129699-6] Goldblum JR, Tuthill RJ (April 1997). "CD34 and factor-XIIIa immunoreactivity in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and dermatofibroma". Am J Dermatopathol 19 (2): 147–53. PMID 9129699.

[pmid20062007-7] Bandarchi B, Ma L, Marginean C, Hafezi S, Zubovits J, Rasty G (March 2010). "D2-40, a novel immunohistochemical marker in differentiating dermatofibroma from dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans". Mod. Pathol. 23 (3): 434–8. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2009.176. PMID 20062007.

[pmid21234520-8] Xu, Y.; Ogose, A.; Kawashima, H.; Hotta, T.; Ariizumi, T.; Li, G.; Umezu, H.; Endo, N. (Mar 2011). "High-level expression of podoplanin in benign and malignant soft tissue tumors: immunohistochemical and quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis.". Oncol Rep 25 (3): 599-607. doi:10.3892/or.2011.1141. PMID 21234520.

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Dermatofibroma

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