Chronic cholecystitis

From Libre Pathology
Revision as of 20:25, 18 January 2017 by Mitchell (talk | contribs) (→‎Images: added a case with extensive RA sinuses)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Chronic cholecystitis
Diagnosis in short

Chronic cholecystitis with cholesterolosis. H&E stain.
LM entrapped epithelial crypts, fibrosis/muscular hypertrophy of gallbladder wall, +/-foamy macrophages
LM DDx acute cholecystitis, gallbladder adenocarcinoma, gallbladder adenomyoma, intestinal metaplasia of the gallbladder
Gross +/-strawberry-like appearance, yellow stones, fibrotic wall
Site gallbladder
Associated Dx cholelithiasis, gallbladder cholesterolosis, obesity
Clinical history biliary colic, usu. fertile fat females forty years or less
Symptoms constant right upper quadrant pain after a meal (biliary colic)
Prevalence very common
Prognosis good, benign

Chronic cholecystitis, abbreviated CC, is a very common pathology of the gallbladder and increasing in prevalence with the expanding waist lines.

General

Epidemiology

  • Female, fat, fertile, family history, forty (though now getting younger... as people get fatter).

Etiology

  • Cholelithiasis.
  • Thick bile (acalculous cholecystitis).

Clinical (classic)

  • Constant right upper quadrant pain after a fatty meal (biliary colic).
  • Positive Murphy's sign (physical exam, with ultrasound).

Gross

  • +/-Cholelithiasis - strongly associated pathology.
  • +/-Strawberry-like appearance - common (due to gallbladder cholesterolosis).
    • Small ridges (microvillus architecture) + yellow.
      • Normal gallbladder mucosa = smooth, green.
  • +/-Congestion/erythema.
  • +/-Wall thickening - typically ~ 6-7 mm.[1]

Note:

  • Wall thickening (due to congestion/edema) is the important gross finding in acute cholecystitis.
  • Wall thickenss greater than 10 mm should raise the suspicion of malignancy.[1]

Microscopic

Features:[2]

  • Thickening of the gallbladder wall - due to fibrosis/muscular hypertrophy - key feature.
  • Chronic inflammatory cells - usu. "minimal".
    • Lymphocytes - most common.
  • Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses - common.[3]
    • Entrapped epithelial crypts -- pockets of epithelium in the wall of the gallbladder.
  • +/-Foamy macrophages in the lamina propria (cholesterolosis of the gallbladder).

DDx:

Images

  • CC - intermed. mag. (WC)

  • Cholesterolosis. (WC)

Extensive Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses in a 64 year ood woman Extensive Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses in a 64 year ood woman Extensive Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses in a 64 year ood woman Extensive Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses in a 64 year ood woman
Extensive Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses in a 64 year ood woman. A. Extending from a benign, chronically inflamed plicae are Rikitansky-Aschoff sinuses. Note their travel in between muscle bundles can be recognized as continuity to the surface. B. In between the gall stone at lower left and the lymphoid aggregate at upper right lies the gallbladder wall. Note the longitudinal extensions of the Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses, as well as the ballooning outside the wall at lower right. C. The mucosa shows extensive reactive branching. Note again the predominant extension between muscle bundles, recognizable by the stroma about the sinuses, some of which are branched, pushing the muscle wall aside. There is no desmoplasia, but some gallbladder azdenocarcinomas show little recognizable desmoplasia. D. The focus on the right is difficult to identify as lying between muscle bundles. The triple parallel tubules argue against neoplasia. The lack of cancerous nuclear change is important as well.

Sign out

Gallbladder, Cholecystectomy:
- Cholelithiasis. 
- Chronic cholecystitis, mild.
- One benign lymph node.

Block letters

GALLBLADDER, CHOLECYSTECTOMY: 
- CHRONIC CHOLECYSTITIS. 
- CHOLELITHIASIS.

Without stones

GALLBLADDER, CHOLECYSTECTOMY: 
- CHRONIC CHOLECYSTITIS. 
- NO GALLSTONES IDENTIFIED.

Liver present

GALLBLADDER, CHOLECYSTECTOMY: 
- CHRONIC CHOLECYSTITIS. 
- CHOLELITHIASIS.
- SMALL AMOUNT OF LIVER WITHOUT APPARENT PATHOLOGY. 

GALLBLADDER, CHOLECYSTECTOMY:
- CHRONIC CHOLECYSTITIS WITH MILD CHOLESTEROLOSIS.
- CHOLELITHIASIS.
- SMALL AMOUNT OF LIVER WITH CAUTERY/CRUSH ARTIFACT.

Micro

The sections shows gallbladder wall with Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses and a moderate mixed inflammatory infiltrate predominantly consisting of lymphocytes. No nuclear atypia is seen.

Post-cholecystostomy tube

The sections shows gallbladder wall with edema, a moderate mixed inflammatory infiltrate (predominantly consisting of lymphocytes and plasma cells), and mucosal erosions. Reactive fibroblasts and hemosiderin-laden macrophages are present. No significant nuclear changes are seen. One benign lymph node is present.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kim, HJ.; Park, JH.; Park, DI.; Cho, YK.; Sohn, CI.; Jeon, WK.; Kim, BI.; Choi, SH. (Feb 2012). "Clinical usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of gallbladder wall thickening.". Dig Dis Sci 57 (2): 508-15. doi:10.1007/s10620-011-1870-0. PMID 21879282.
  2. ↑ Iacobuzio-Donahue, Christine A.; Montgomery, Elizabeth A. (2005). Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology: A Volume in the Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology Series (1st ed.). Churchill Livingstone. pp. 439. ISBN 978-0443066573.
  3. ↑ URL: http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/983.html. Accessed on: 29 October 2011.
Retrieved from "https://librepathology.org/w/index.php?title=Chronic_cholecystitis&oldid=46791"